Cuntada kala duwan Tonkovka waa noocyo kala duwan oo reer Ruush ah.
Laga soo bilaabo hal geed ayaa la ururiyaa ilaa 300 kiilo oo miro ah. Pear Tonkovetka hortaagan qaboojinta illaa 60% heerka Celsius, sharaxaad dheeraad ah ee kala duwan iyo sawir midhaha.
Waa maxay nooca isteroberi ee loola jeedo?
Tonkovetka pear fasalka ayaa helay magaciisa thanks to caws dhuuban. Waxyaabo kala duwan ayaa loola jeedaa horraanta xagaaga.
Noocyada xagaaga waxaa ka mid ah: Limonka, Orel Summer, Victoria, Rogneda iyo Lel.
Uma habboona isticmaalka baahsan ee wax soosaarka sababtoo ah tayada dhexdhexaadka ah ee saxarka.
Sababtoo ah tartan xooggan iyo acid Ha cunin midho cusub. Waxaa lagu talinayaa in la sameeyo daaweynta kulaylka - in la isticmaalo qaabka la qalajiyey ama ilaalinta.
Sababtoo ah asalka hore, si ballaaran loo isticmaalo gudaha meelaha banaan.
Waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu sameeyo jammyi, jams, jelly. Pear Tonkovetka ma aha noocyo kala duwan oo kaloori ah. Per 100 garaam oo badeecado ah ayaa lagu qiyaasey 42 kcal.
Waa isha dabiiciga ah ee tamarta muhiimka ah. Waxay ka kooban tahay ka kooban Tirooyin badan oo ah walxaha bioactive.
Taariikhda dhalashada iyo taranta gobolka
Kala duwanaanta Tonkovetka waa noocyo kala duwan oo Ruush ah, oo laga heley isdhexgelinta wadanka oo dhan. Kala duwanaanshuhu wuxuu ahaa mid caan ah tan iyo bilowgii qarnigii 18aad. Dhamaan dalka oo dhan - Gobollada hoose ee Volga, Adygei, Galbeedka, Ural iyo Volga-Vyatka.
Qaybiyay in Siberia iyo qaybta waqooyiga ee suunka dhexe ee Ruushka - ilaa Moscow, Veliky Novgorod iyo Kostroma.
Badanaa waxaa laga helaa cariishyada xagaaga iyo beeraha duur joogta ah Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova, Estonia, Kazakhstan.
Darajo kala duwan: Krasnobochka.
Thanks to ay hardiness jiilaalka aad u fiicanKala duwanaanta noocaan ah waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa isku-dhexaadinta sida deeq-bixiye.
Thanks to "Tonkovetka", 1936, noocyada kala duwan ee pear waa la nadiifiyey "Elegant Efimova"ayaa loo magacaabay ka dib qoraaga V. A. Efimov.
Noocyada jiilaalka-adag leh sidoo kale ka mid ah: Xusuusin ee Zhegalov, Krasnobkaya, Carmen, Noyabrskaya iyo Autumn Yakovlev.
Qeexitaanka Tonkovetka kala duwan
U fiirso si gooni ah muuqaalka geedka iyo miro.
Geed
Geedaha weyn, oo leh korriin xoog leh. Tall, dherer dherer ka badan 6 mitir. Waxay leeyihiin taajir ballaaran oo qaab ah guddi. Miisaska waa dhuuban yihiin.
Caleemaha madow oo leh hooskii amber. Chechevichek tiro badan. Qaabka qaabka gogolka ah, qafiif ah, hooska weyn ee iftiin leh. Yield wuxuu ku dhacaa kolchatka stem.
Leaves yaryar, midab-dhalaal ah. Goobta caleemaha waa mid dhif ah. Saxanka Leaf oogada ama curkay, oo leh dusha si siman, iyada oo aan tuberosity.
Rugta dhexe waxay leedahay xummad yar. Cajada caleenka ayaa leh geesin gaaban. Khafiif ah, midab leh, casaan cad.
Midhaha
Miraha waa yar yihiin, miisaanku ma gaadho wax ka badan 50-60 garaam. Haysashada qaab pear classic.
By midabka amber-emerald ama amber light. On qoraxda, dhinaca si fiican u dhirta, leeyihiin yaryar maroon yar yar.
Maadada waa mid ballaaran, midkaleed, dhajis. Faa'iidooyinka midhaha kala duwan ee noocaan ah ma aha. Koobku wuxuu leeyahay foomka xiran oo furan. Foosto waa mid yar.
Buulka caleemaha waa yar yahay, midab leh. Abuurka waa mid dheer, hooska madow.
Laalaabka hooska miraha, adag, qallalan, tartan, dhir, leh macaan yar oo dhadhan ah. Tayada qashirku waa dhexdhexaad.
Anther iyo stigmas waxay leeyihiin heer isku mid ah. Pestles waa mid bilaash ah, bilaash ah.
Sawir
Astaamaha
Daweeyaa noocyo is-bacrin ah.
Laakiin si loo kordhiyo wax-soosaarka, waa lagama maarmaan in la isticmaalo pollinators. Waa hagaagsan "Bergamot Autumn" iyo "Bessemyanka."
Geedka dhirta yimaado 8 ama 11 sano nolosha. Yield deggan, aad u sarreeya.
Waxyaabaha sarreeya ayaa sidoo kale ku faani kara: Duchess, Yakovlevskaya, Chudesnitsa, Bere Bosk iyo Bere Russkaya.
Goynta ayaa sii socota dhamaadka bisha Agoosto. Laga soo bilaabo hal geed ayaa la ururiyaa laga bilaabo 250 illaa 300 kiilo garaam.
On the laamood ee isteroberi yihiin si liidata liidata. Duufaanta miraha waa mid aad u ballaaran. Kala duwan waa abaar u adkaysata.
Waa muhiim! Geedaha kala duwan ee noocaan ah uma baahna hoyga xilliga jiilaalka. Marka la eego iska caabbinta barafka, noocyada kala duwan ee jeexa ee Siberia iyo qaybta dhexe ee Ruushka waa kuwo ka sarreeya.
Ka hortag barafku aad ayuu u sareeyaa. Geedaha kala duwan ee kala duwan waxay u adkeysan karaan qabow daran si ay u yareeyaan 60 darajo Celsius.
Beerto iyo daryeel
Ciidda ma dalbanayso. Wuxuu ku koraa midhaha, dhulka madow, carrada iyo carrada. Faafin by geedo, gooyn iyo graft.
Goobta ku dhow dhirta geedka waa in lagu hayaa si fiican u biyuhu. Wixii qallafsan waraabinta xasilloon, mulching leh qalabka organic - humus, peat ama compost peat.
On dogob geed ku wareegsan geedaha, diyaarisay Mulch waxaa la geliyaa lakabka yar ee 7 sentimitir.
Hal mitir laba jibbaaran, isticmaalka humus, compost peat ama peat waxay u dhaxaysaa 20 ilaa 25 kiilogaraam.
Marka waraabiyo caleemaha geedka laga bilaabo 30 ilaa 50 litir oo biyo ah heerkulka qolka.
Cudurada iyo cayayaanka
Sanadaha roobabku aad ayay u saamaysay. Kabuubku wuxuu yareeyaa koritaanka caleemaha. Kalluunka ugxan iyo caleemaha saameeyeen. Wakiilka keena waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inuu yahay dharka Dothideales. Sidaa darteed Waa lagama maarmaan in la fuliyo daaweynta ka hortagga taajka.
Inta lagu jiro ubaxyada kelyaha, meelo ah qoyaan xad-dhaaf ah, waxay soo saaraan ku buufin leh 3% isku darka Bordeaux.Marka la sameynayo burooyinkeeda iyo marka loo eego habka saddexaad ka dib markii ubax, isticmaal daroogo "Topaz" iyo "Horus".
Markaad qaadsiinayso geed leh qolof leh, waa inaad haysataa tuntan taajka. Dhammaan caleemaha saameeyeen iyo caleemaha ayaa laga saaray. Wixii burburintoodu dhammaato, fangaska Dothideales lagu gubay dab ama la qaaday meel fog oo ammaan ah oo ka soo beerto midho leh.
Waxaa ka mid ah cudurrada caadiga ah ee pear waa in ay sameeyaan ka hortagga gubashada bakteeriyada iyo miraha.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jira noocyo u adkeysanaya cudurada, tusaale ahaan, Rossoshanskaya macmacaanka, Lira, Perun, Moskvichka iyo Thumbelina.
Gabagabo Kala duwanaanta pear Tonkovetka waxaa loola jeedaa fruiting xagaaga hore.
Sababtoo ah asalka qadiimka ah, waxaa si ballaaran loo isticmaalaa meelaha banaan.
Waa kala duwanaansho badan oo leh miro badan oo miraha, laakiin leh tayada dhexdhexaad ah ee saxarka.
By iyada caabbinta barafowga dhaafaa dhammaan noocyada isteroberi. Sannadaha roobabka ee qolofta ayaa aad u saameeya.
