Baradhada Belaruus ma aha oo kaliya khudradda, laakiin waa magac dhab ah oo loo yaqaan dhammaan dunida oo dhan. Waxaa laga yaabaa in sababta ay tahay sababta noocyada kala duwan ee "Lileya" ay leeyihiin taageerayaal badan.
Tani waa tusaale ku habboon bulbaarta caadiga ah - ballaaran, wax soo saar, muuqaal iyo dhadhan fiican. Darajada waxaa baareeya beeraleyda iyo beeraleyda, waxay ka soo horjeedaa cudurada waana mid miro dhal ah.
Maqaalkani, waxaanu eegi doonaa baradhada Lileya dhamaan dhinacyada - sharaxaadda kala duwanaanta, sawirrada, astaamaha aasaasiga ah iyo talooyinka beeraha ayaa kaa caawin doona inaad hesho miro fiican.
Qaar ka mid ah baradhada "Lileya": sifooyinka iyo sawirrada
Magaca dugsiga | Lilea |
Sifooyinka guud | Dalagyada kala duwan ee beeraha Belarus |
Wakhtiga uurka | 65-70 maalmood |
Mawduucyada Starching | 11-18% |
Dad badan oo digriiga ganacsiga ah | 100-200 g |
Tirada digriiga duurka | 8-15 |
Yield | ilaa 670 c / ha |
Tayada macaamilka | dhadhan fiican iyo cunto karinta oo daciif ah |
Soo kabashada | 90% |
Midabka maqaarka | Jaale |
Midab daruuf | Jaale |
Gobollada la doorbido | Waqooyi-galbeed, Bartamaha, Volgo-Vyatsky |
Cadaadiska cudurada | aad u adkaysi u leh dabayaaqadii dambe ee digriiga, kansarka baradhada iyo nematode |
Noocyada sii kordhaya | waxay si fiican uga jawaabtaa Bacriminta dheeraadka ah |
Asalka | RUE "Machadka Beerta NAS ee Belarus" |
Astaamaha ugu muhiimsan ee kala duwan:
- digriiga waa weyn, miisaankeedu yahay 100 illaa 200 g;
- qaabka wareegga ah;
- digriiga caanaha ah oo isku dhafan miisaanka iyo cabbirka;
- cilladaha waa mid aad u yar, ma jiraan hillocks iyo caarad khudaarta cagaaran;
- diirka jilicsan, si siman midab leh, mid dhexdhexaad ah;
- indho-indheyn, indho, dhexdhexaad ah;
- qashirta qashinka ah ee gooyaa waa huruud cad;
- Waxyaabaha nacaybku u dhexeeyo 11.4 ilaa 17.5%;
- digriiga waa hodan ku ah borotiinka, amino acids qiimaha, kartoonka.
Sawirrada baradhada Sawirka "Lileya":
Sharaxa dhirta
Kala duwanaanshaha baradhada "Lileya" waxaa loola jeedaa miiska hore. Dhirta waa mid aad u wanaagsan, taas oo ku xidhan xaaladaha cimilada iyo qiimaha nafaqada ee carrada 1 hektar ah waxaad ka qaadan kartaa 246 ilaa 400 sentimitir oo ah baradhada la doortay.
Wax-soosaarka ugu sarreeya ayaa la gaarsiiyaa 760-kiilo halkii hektar. Baradhada la goostay si fiican ayaa loo hayaa, tayada ilaalinta 90%. Gaadiid waa suurtagal.
Akhriso wax badan oo ku saabsan waqtiga iyo heerkulka kaydinta, dhibaatooyinka suurtagalka ah. Iyo sidoo kale ku saabsan sida si habboon u keydiso xididada jiilaalka, on balakoonka, in fiilooyinka, qaboojiyaha, diiray.
Dhalashada noocyo kale oo baradho ah ayaa lagu soo bandhigay jadwalka hoose:
Magaca dugsiga | Yield |
Lilea | ilaa 760 c / ha |
Santa | ilaa 570 c / ha |
Tuleyevsky | 400-500 c / ha |
Gingerbread Man | 450-600 c / ha |
Ilinsky | 180-350 c / ha |
Cornflower | 200-480 c / ha |
Laura | 330-510 c / ha |
Irbit | ilaa 500 kg / ha |
Blue-eyed | ilaa 500 kg / ha |
Adretta | ilaa 450 kg / ha |
Alvar | 295-440 c / ha |
Buunshuhu waa mid dhexdhexaad ah, qumman, nooc dhexdhexaad ah, dhexdhexaad ah. Dhismaha mass cagaaran waa ka badan. Caleemaha waa cagaar madow, nooc dhexdhexaad ah, nooc dhexdhexaad ah, oo leh geeso yar yar oo jilicsan. Corolla waa iswajin, oo laga soo ururiyey ubaxyo cad oo waaweyn. Nidaamka asaasiga ah ayaa si wanaagsan loo horumariyaa, ilaa 15 baradho ayaa la sameeyaa ka yar barkad kasta.
Digriiga si dhakhso ah ayaa loo xidhxidhay, oo la kobciyo. Barafka ugu horeeya ayaa la wiiqi karaa horaantii xagaaga, laakiin duurka u gaaraan dhalidda ugu sareeya dhamaadka xilli sii kordhaya.
Baradhadu waa sahlan tahay daryeelka, teknoolajiyada beeraha waa sahlan. Waxay jeceshahay ciidda nafaqada leh, ee dhalidda saboolka ah ee saboolka ah ayaa si weyn loo yareeyey. Inta lagu jiro xilliga beerto, waxaad u baahan tahay inaad ku quudiso 2-3 jeer maadooyinka macdanta ama arrinka organic. Akhri wax dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan goorta iyo sida loo dalbado bacrimin, sida loo sameeyo marka la beero.
Waraabinta waraabka ayaa sidoo kale lagula taliyaa. Buundooyinka ugu yaraan 2 jeer kudhowsameynta safaf dhaadheer. Sida loo abuuro baradhada iyada oo aan jarjar iyo hilling halkan ka akhriso.
Digriiga waxay u adkeysanayaan dhaawaca farsamada, taas oo si fudud u sahlaysa nadiifinta iyo yaraynaysa tirada wasaqda. Mugdiidku wuxuu badbaadin doonaa haramaha.
Kala duwanaanshuhu wuxuu u adkeysan karaa cudurrada cadceeda ee badan: kansarka baradhada, nematode dahab dahab ah, qolof. Dhawaan ayey saameeyeen fayrasyada. Cadaadis u nugul dabaylo goor dambe digriiga iyo caleemaha.
Akhri sidoo kale ku saabsan Alternaria, Fusarium, Verticillium wilt.
Dhadhanka barafka waa mid aad u fiican. Macmacaanka macruuf dhexdhexaad ah wuxuu ka dhigayaa kuwa digriiga ah, waana la kariyaa, duban karaa, dubi jiray, la dubay. Laga soo bilaabo khudradda xididka leh lowska macaan ee midab cream leh. Baradhada ma madoobaan marka goynta ama karinta.
Diyaarinta alaabta wax soo-saarka ah ee xaaladaha warshadaha waa suurtagal: Fuud french, baradho la shiilay oo la kariyey, saliida gaasta. Digriiga qafiifka ah ee qafiifka ah ee dhadhanka u wanaagsan wuxuu u fiican yahay cunugga ama cuntada cuntada.
Asalka
Kala duwanaanta baradhada "Lileya" waa asal ahaan ka soo jeeda Belariyan, sannadkii 2007 abuurayaashu waxay heleen Patent of Republic of Belarus. Kala sooc ka diiwaan gashan Diiwaanka Gobolka ee Ruushka ee 2008.
Waxaa loogu talagalay Bartamaha, Volga-Vyatka, gobollada Waqooyi-Galbeed. Beeritaanka suurtagalka ah ee miisaanka warshadaha.
Baradhadu waxay ku haboon yihiin ganacsatada iyo beeralayda hiwaayadda. Digriiga qumman oo qurux badan wanaagsan iibka, waxay ku kaydsan yihiin waqti dheeriyada oo aan lumin tayada ganacsiga.
Awoodda iyo tabar darrada
Faa'iidooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee kala duwan waxaa ka mid ah:
- tayada dhadhanka sare ee dalagyada xididada;
- dhalid wanaagsan;
- Goynta si fiican loo kaydiyey;
- universality of digriiga;
- caabbinta cudurada waaweyn;
- daryeel la'aanta;
- dulqaadnimada abaaraha;
- ceeb la'aanta cimilada cimilada;
- sifooyinka sare ee badeecadaha ee digriiga.
Jadwalka hoose waxaad ka heli doontaa tirooyinka tirakoobka marka la barbar dhigo baradhada Lileya leh noocyo kale:
Magaca dugsiga | Longevity |
Lilea | 90% |
Baaskiil | 97% |
Zekura | 98% |
Kubanka | 95% |
Burly | 97% |
Felox | 90% |
Guul | 96% |
Agatha | 93% |
Natasha | 93% |
Gabadh gabar ah | 92% |
Uladar | 94% |
Noocyada sii kordhaya
Baradhadu waa la kori karaa ciid kasta, laakiin waxay muujinaysaa dhalidda ugu sarraysa. on a a iftiin, nafaqo ciid. Hagaajinta ciidda waxay caawin doontaa dabacsanaanta iyo samaynta humus. Beeraha ku haboon beertu waa cawska ama kaabash. Ma isticmaali kartid aagaga isla sanado badan.
Ka hor inta beerto, baradhada abuurka waa la kariyaa. Ash geed ayaa ku faafaya godadka. Masaafada u dhexeysa duurka 30-35 cm, xakamaynta ballaaran, fududaynta daryeelka beeraha.
Qoyaan caadi ah Nidaamka waraabka ee biyaha lagu taliyo, in la xaqiijiyo helitaanka joogtada ah ee qoyaan si xididada.
A dhibic aad u muhiim ah - hilling. Kursiyadaha waxaa lagu shaqeeyaa 2-3 jeer xilli ciyaareedka iyadoo la wada burburinayo haramaha. Ciriiri waxaa lagu dhejin karaa caws ama cawska.
Kordhinta dhalidda ayaa caawin doonta quudinta waqtigeeda. Waxa ay u fiicantahay dhismooyinka macdanta oo kale oo ku salaysan potassium iyo magnesium leh maaddada organic (darayga shimbiraha ee lagu darayo ama dooxada).
Cunto ka badan Bacriminta nitrogenous waa contraindicated, dhismooyinka sida horumarinta cagaarka badan si ay waxyeello of dhalidda.
Baahida loo ururiyo toddobaadkii kaddib marka la bilaabo bilawga maareynta. Qodobka horay loo qodo sidoo kale waa suurtagal, waxa laga yaabaa inuu yareeyo dhalidda, laakiin wuxuu badbaadin doonaa beerto laga bilaabo wireworm iyo dillaac. Digriiga la uruuriyey ayaa la qalajiyey xuduudda ama hoostiisa hoostiisa, la kala soocay oo loo goostay kaydinta. Baradhada abuurka ayaa laga soo qaataa duurka ugu xooggan uguna macquulsan, waa in si gooni ah loo kaydiyaa.
Akhri dhammaan wixii ku saabsan isticmaalka herbicides, fungicides iyo cayayaanka.
Cudurada iyo cayayaanka
Kala duwanaanta baradhada "Lileya" waxay u adkaysatay cudurro badan oo caadi ah: kansarka baradhada, cudurrada fayraska, nematode-ga dahabka ah.
Digriiga iyo caleemaha ayaa si dhif ah u saameeyeen dabaylo goor dambe ama fusarium. Si looga hortago faafka cudurka epidemic, waxaa lagula talinayaa ku buufin kaliya oo leh bakteeriyo diyaarsan.
Kallaan cagaaran oo cusub ayaa soo jiidata walxaha Colorado, thrips, aphids.
Mashiinka sunta cayayaanka ayaa kaa caawin doona in laga takhaluso cayayaanka. Dhirta saameysa waxay gooyeen oo burburisay. Digriiga waxaa laga yaabaa in ay saameeyaan wireworm (dirxiga ah ee laamood ee gujiska).
Dhirbaaxada wakhtiga ah, hilling, mulching ciidda waxay ka caawineysaa ka hortagga dhacdooyinka cayayaanka.
Waxaan idiin diyaargareynay dhowr waxyaabood oo xiiso leh oo ku saabsan siyaabo kala duwan ee sii kordhaya baradho. Tiknoolajiyada Holland iyo ganacsiga baradhada, beerista noocyo hore, hababka hoosta cawska, foostooyinka, bacaha iyo sanduuqyada aan hoosta.
"Lileya" waa noocyo farabadan oo dhadhan fiican leh oo ku habboon beeraha, beeraha ama beerista hiwaayadda. Bataatooyin waaweyn oo kali ah waa la iibin karaa ama ka tagi karaa isticmaalka shakhsi ahaaneed, waa mid dhadhan fiican leh, caafimaad leh, nafaqo leh, laakiin ma aha mid aad u sarreeya.
Waxaan sidoo kale bixinaynaa si aad u barato noocyo kale oo baradho ah oo leh shuruudo kala duwan:
Xilliga dhexe | Gaar ahaan hore | Taageero |
Sonny | Jacayl | Beeraha |
Crane | Rabbi ee isdhaafka | Meteor |
Rogneda | Ramos | Juvel |
Granada | Taisiya | Minerva |
Magician | Rodrigo | Kiranda |
Lasock | Red Fantasy | Veneta |
Zhuravinka | Jelly | Zhukovsky hore | Blueness | Tafsiir | Riviera |