Xuduudda udhaxeysa webiyada Don iyo Kuban waxaa badiyaa loo yaqaan "Gate of the Caucasus". Meelaha hoose ee Don, sida Caucasus, canab ayaa koray muddo tobanaan sano ah.
Shaqada dhaqameed ee dadka maxalliga ah ee Ruushka ayaa barakeeyay Peter I, laakiin gobolkani wuxuu noqday xarunta dhexe ee viticulture oo keliya 30-kii qarniyadood ee qarnigii labaatanaad, markii warshad lagu dhajiyay dhinaca warshadaha, iyo horumarintiisa waxaa loo wareejiyay sayniska.
Sii xajinta godadka
Machadka cilmi-baarista ayaa la qorsheeyay in la ballaariyo aagga abuurista khatarta ah ee warshad aan caadi ahayn waddankeena - canab.
Krasokhina Svetlana Ivanovna
Hadafka ugu wanaagsan ee saynisyahaniinta ayaa la qabadsiiyay - kor u qaadista dhaqankan woqooyiga iyo abuuritaanka saldhig warshadeed oo warshad leh oo lagu magacaabo winemaking.
Goobaha tijaabada ah iyo xanaanooyinka ayaa ka muuqday gobollo kale, xidhiidhada ganacsiga ee sayniska yurub iyo sayniska khamriga waxaa lagu xaqiijiyay heshiisyo. 200 hay'adood oo cilmi-baaris ah ayaa ku biiray geeddi-socodka is-dhexgelinta iyo is-waafajinta noocyada "miraha qoraxda".
Ka mid ah hal-abuureed, badi rag ah, hawsha xulashada gabdhaha quruxda badan, weli da 'yarta - Svetlana Ivanovna Krasokhina, oo ah wakiil ka soo jeeda beelaha oo dhan, waxay heleen aqoonsi. Hadda caleemaha Krasokhina S.I. waxay ku taallaa meelaha ugu caansan.
In diiwaanka Svetlana Ivanovna:
- shahaadada dhirta iyo viticulture;
- 85 shaqooyin daabacan;
- jagada hogaamiye sare;
- 3 patents oo loogu talagalay soo-saarisyada la xidhiidha sabirta canabka;
- 4 shahaadooyinka xuquuqda lahaanshaha ee noocyada lagu galay Diiwaanka;
- wada-abuurka abuurista 6 nooc oo cusub (cunto iyo farsamo);
- ansixinta 150 nooc oo canab ah;
- caawimaad talobixin ah goobta.
Danta ay ku leedahay noocyada jiilaalka iyo lowska ee kala duwanaanta kala duwanaanta noocyada kala duwan ee dhaqanka qalaad sida canab, koox dhan, taas oo badanaa loo yaqaan "canab" Krasokhina.
"Noocyada Krasokhina"
Waa maxay noocyada nooca sabiib ah marka laga hadlayo "krasokhina darajo"? Kuwani waxay ka sarreeyaan dhamaan noocyada miisaska jiilaalka ee jiilaalka-adag oo leh tiro yar oo ah miraha iyo dhirta, iyo sidoo kale noocyo farsamo cad oo loogu talagalay wax soo saarka cabitaanka fudud, laydhka fudud iyo qalajinta.
Kooxda koowaad waxaa ka mid ah: Talisman, Alex, Zolotinka (Galbena ogtahay) iyo Balkanovsky.
Tan labaad - Platovsky iyo Muscat Crystal (magaca shaqada).
Horumarinta waa - fasalka "Pink Cloud", "Qaboojiyaha", "Giant".
Markii la waydiiyay isticmaalka kiciyaasha kiciska ee viticulture, Krasokhina had iyo jeer way ka jawaabtay: "Kicinta ugu weyn waa farsamada beerashada saxda ah iyo sabirka sabirta."
Sharaxaadda iyo sifooyinka
Canab Talisman
"Taliyaha" ("Kesha 1") waa caleemo caan ah oo ah canab cad oo leh tayada dhadhanka leh (8 dhibcood).
Calaamadee:
- xajmiga berry iyo gacanta (ilaa 2 kg);
- diyaar u ah fruiting ee sanadka 2aad ka dib markii dhulka dhulka;
- taariikhaha gabowga - dhammaadka;
- badanka burushyada waxay kordhi karaan baadiyaha - baahida loo qabo in la baddalo;
- dheeriga ah ee ugu weyn ee kala duwanaanshuhu waa iska caabinta cudurada iyo iska caabida qabow (hoos udhaca -25 ° C).
Noocyo cadmeed oo caddaan ah waxaa ka mid ah White Delight, Novocherkassk Amethyst iyo Anthony The Great.
Si loo hagaajiyo tayada kala duwan, qoraagu wuxuu kugula talinayaa inuu dalbado warshad dhirta sare leh waraabin la isku-hagaajin karo, quudin dheellitiran, miro-dheelid dheeraad ah iyo qiyaasta ugxansidaha.
Faahfaahin dheeraad ah leh kala duwan ee canab "Talisman" waxaa laga heli karaa sawirka:
Alex Grape
Kala duwanaanshaha canabka "Alex" (VI -3-3-8) waa miiska kala duwan ee canabka bislaada hore (115 maalmood). Gobollada beerashada - Xarunta iyo Koonfurta Ruushka, Bariga Fog. Waalidiinta: Cannabiska miraha ee Moldovan Biruintsa iyo Delight.
Calaamadee:
- sida warshad xooggan oo leh dhexdhexaad dhexdhexaad ah;
- qaabka baadiyaha;
- caleemaha waa cagaar mug leh oo leh faraqa midabka ah ee laba-dhinac ah, wax yar ka dib, oo leh gees xiir leh;
- fruiting caleemaha dhalinyarada waxay u dhigantaa 70%;
- dalagyo miro ah oo kor u kacay (illaa 35 cm), culus (illaa 1 kg);
- berry waa mid weyn, midab cufan leh rinjiga dahabka ah ee dhinaca qoraxda;
- maqaarku wuu cufan yahay, laakiin cufan yahay;
- dhibcaha dhadhanka - 8.2;
- galka ayaa awood u leh is-magacaabista ugxan-sidaha;
- ka dib goosashada, geeddi-socodka sonkorta leh ayaa sii socota midhaha;
- dulqaad heerkulka hooseeya - illaa -25 ° C;
- adkaysi u ah cudurrada sabiib ah ee waaweyn (illaa 3.5 dhibcood) oo ay ku jiraan phylloxera;
- Ku haboonaanta gadiidka iyo dhoofinta.
Cadaadiska cudurku wuxuu sidoo kale ku faani karaa Augustine, Liang iyo Levokumsky.
Kala duwanaanshuhu wuxuu jecel yahay goobaha koonfurta iyo galbeedka, laakiin waxay u dulqaadanayaan beeritaanka dooxooyinka.
Eeg sawirrada kala duwan ee canabka "Alex" ee hoos ku qoran:
Canab
"Zolotinka" ("Galbena waa ogtahay", "Yellow New") waa miis ka xoog badan oo mira dhal ah oo noocyo kala duwan ah oo leh midab kala duwan oo leh xilligii Bisaylkii hore (105 maalmood).
Waalidiinta: Moldavian Ukranaan Caddaan Cuntada iyo noocyo kiniin ah Korinka Ruushka, oo la sameeyey dareenka sare ee jiilaalka.
Calaamadee:
- fruiting badan caleemaha yar yar ilaa 85%;
- gelitaanka hore ee fruiting ka dib markii laga beerto dhulka (2-3 sano);
- waaweyn, oo la jarjaray, wax yar oo qallajin ah ilaa 700 garaam. miisaanka;
- berry ah oo midab madow ah, ballaaran (8gr) oo wareegsan;
- sonkorta sonkorta 24%;
- carafo udgoonku wuxuu kordhiyaa dhibcaha dhadhanka ilaa 8;
- wuxuu leeyahay tayada qiimaha leh ee kaydka caalamiga ah;
- gooynta xididdo fiican;
- waxay u adkeysan kartaa bakteeriyada goosefactive iyo hoos udhaca (hoos ilaa -27 ° C) heerkulka.
Waxyaabaha sonkorta badani waxay sidoo kale kala soocaan Aladdin, Delight White iyo King Ruby.
Muujinta isdhexgalka xooggan ee laanta laamiyada waxay u baahan tahay inay qabato xajinta (jarista 40 cm ee qaybaha sare ee biiyaha) sanadaha ugu horreeya ee dhismaha baadiyaha.
Sawirrada canabka "Zolotinka" oo sawirka ku yaal:
Grape Baklanovsky
"Baklanovsky" ("Delight original", "Oval Delivery", "Oval") - miro canab ah oo canab ah. Xilliga uurku waa 115 maalmood oo keliya.
Lamaane waalid: Cinjir iyo farxad sare oo kala duwan oo ah noocyada kala duwan ee ukunta.
Calaamadee:
- awood koritaanka xooggan;
- Wax-soosaarka caleemaha sanadka ugu horeeya nolosha ilaa 85%;
- dhalidda - 120z / ha;
- Canabku waa qadar ama aan muuqan, ma aha mid cufan, miisaan adag (ilaa 2 kg);
- berry waa la jilicsan yahay, oo leh hilib tufaax ah iyo hilqad leh;
- dhadhamin fiican, isku dheelitirnaan sonkorta iyo acid;
- manjooyin wanaagsan - oo leh 2-4 burooyinkeeda haray;
- laga yaabaa, ka dib markii koriinkaro, waxay ku sii jirayaan illaa 1.5 bilood duurka iyagoo aan lumin tayada macaamiisha;
- loo isticmaalo sidii kaydka;
- ku habboon gaadiidka;
- adkaysi u ah cudurrada ugu muhiimsan ee dhaqanka (phylloxera nugul);
Qalabka beeraha ayaa sidoo kale ah Arched, Gurice Pink iyo Red Delight.
Eeg sawirrada canab "Baklanovsky" dheeraad ah:
Grapes Platovsky
Caleenta "Platovskiy" (noocyada "Early Dawn") waa nooc farsamo (universal) canab ah oo lagu garto mudo aad u gaaban (110 maalmood oo keliya).
Waxaa ka mid ah noocyada farsamada ah Bianka, Levokumsky iyo Krasa Beam.
Gobolka qaybinta: Xarunta iyo Koonfurta Ruushka, Siberia, Bariga Fog. Waalidiinta: Isku-shaandhiga Crimean-ga Magaracha iyo "Zelendande" ("Hall denda").
Calaamadee:
- caabbinta barafka oo ka duwan (ilaa 30 ° C);
- xooga koritaanka dhexdhexaadka ah;
- daboolka caleenta;
- soo bandhigida midhaha waa mid cufan: berry waa yar yahay (illaa 2 garaam), burushyada cufan ayaa sidoo kale yar yar (ilaa 200g);
- berry oo leh rozovinkoy fudud iyo maqaar khafiif ah;
- dhibcaha dhadhanka - 8.4;
- miraha buuxa, bis-bisexual;
- wuxuu leeyahay qiyaas sonkor ah oo ah 20%, taas oo go'aamisa dhadhanka berry sida wacan ayadoo joogitaanka hargabka;
- Wax-soo-saarkii kobaca cusub ee 85%;
- kala duwanaansho dheer;
- ee berry, geeddi-socodka uruurinta sonkorta ayaa sii socota dhamaadka xilliga Biyaha;
- fududahay in lagu daryeelo, laga heli karo taranta, xoog leh ee kobaca;
- u adkaysata bakteeriyada goosefactive.
Si loo wanaajiyo midhaha iyo dhalidda ee kala duwan, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la sameeyo duufaan iyo ka saarista caleemaha aan qallafsanayn waqti go'an.
Markaas waxaad arki kartaa in kala duwan ee Cinwaanka sawir "Platovsky":
Muscat Pridonsky canab
"Muscat Pridonsky" waa nooc caleemo farsamo ah oo cadceedsan oo dhammaystiran.
Labada waalid: Saaxiibka yurub ee kala duwan "Orion" (gobolka qaybinta - Jarmalka iyo Boqortooyada Ingiriiska) iyo saaxiibtinimada isdhexgalka ee caalamiga ah (Ruushka).
Calaamadee:
- koritaanka dhirta oo xoog leh;
- Wax-soosaarkooda sare (ilaa 95%) ee sanadka ugu horeeya;
- bisexual ubax;
- qaabka cawska yar ee cylindrical (250g);
- dhadhanka xusuusta ee berry dhir udgoon leh oo leh sonkor ku filan oo ku filan winemaking (20%);
- difaac u ah cudurada ugu muhiimsan ee dhaqankan iyo dulqaadashada phylloxera;
- dulqaad qabta heerkulkiisu hooseeyo illaa 27 ° C (iyada oo aan hoy dheeri ah lahayn);
- wuxuu leeyahay dhibco dhadhan ah sida khamriga macaan - 8.6; sidii wax dhalaalaya - 9.4.
Khamriga hooyada - Yurub, inkastoo ay ku soo saaraan dhammaan saliida canabka ah. Canabyada badankoodu waa caddaan. Sidaa darteed, alaabta ceeriin ee loogu talagalay wax soo saarka wines caddaan ah oo aan immiururin badan.
Eeg muuqaalka canabkiisa "Muscat Pridonsky" ee sawirka hoose:
Crystal Muscat Grapes
Crystal Muscat (9-2-pk) waa noocyo cusub oo canab ah oo midabkiisu dhan yahay. Isticmaalida isticmaalka cusub iyo walxo cayriin ee winemaking.
Lamaane waalid: Talisman iyo Muscat Delight. Waxay dareemeysaa wanaagsan dhammaan gobollada leh xagaaga qorraxda iyo ma aha mid aad u adag jiilaalka.
Calaamadee:
- Burburin aan hore loo arag (horraantii Agoosto);
- ubaxa waa bisexual;
- miraha waxaa lagu ururiyaa burushka cufnaanta dhexdhexaadka ah (ilaa 1000g);
- midhaha caleenta midabada, midka weyn (6gr);
- qashirku waa mid casiir leh, kallana, oo leh caraf udgoon;
- dhibcaha dhadhanka - 8.6 dhibcood;
- sonkorta ilaa 20%, taas oo u ogolaanaysa isticmaalka miro ee winemaking;
- dhalidda waa mid aad u sarreeya, udubashada ugxansiisku waa loo baahan yahay;
- iyada oo aan hoy lahayn, wuxuu u wareejiyaa heerkulka -25 ° C;
- oo aan saameyn karin caaryada cawl, laakiin caabbinta cudurrada kale ayaa wali la tijaabiyaa;
- loo isticmaalo soosaarka macmacaanka macaan iyo macaan.
Muscat sida noocyada canabka ah ayaa ka weyn Rome. Waxa uu maanta yahay qaybta ugu weyn ee taranta. Caanno caan ah: caleenta cad, casaan, Hungarian, Hamburg, madow.
Eeg sawirrada canab "Muscat Crystal":
Muuqaal
Waqtigan xaadirka ah, shaqada tarbiyada, oo ay samaysay S.I. Krasokhina, waxaa loogu talagalay:
- abuurista miisaska tiro-badan oo aan la shaacin;
- Isku daridda sifooyinka miiska ee canab iyo caabbi baraf;
- abuurista noocyo miiska leh xilli gaaban sii kordhaya;
- raadso saadaasha la saadaaliyay ee labada lammaane;
- Waxbarashada geeddi-socodka is-waafajinta kaydka caansan ee caanka ah ee Koonfurta Ruushka;
- abuurista noocyo farsamo oo aan lagu qiyaasin inta lagu jiro wareejinta warshadaha;
- qaybinta noocyo farsamo oo casaan ah kuwaas oo aan caadi ahayn beerashada Pridonie;
- abuurista noocyo cusub (la qabsashada ee horay loo aqoonsaday) oo leh iska caabin ah iskutallaabta beeraha canabka ah - phylloxera.
Waxay u muuqataa in ay sugto majaajilada cusub ee canabka ah ee ka soo jeeda saynisyahanka.
