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"Chugunka" - noocyada kala duwan ee xulashada qaran, oo ku badan beeraha yaryar ee shakhsi ahaaneed.
Digriiga leh diirka buluug-guduud ah muuqaal aad u quruxsan, dhadhanka barad dhammaatay waa mid fiican oo buuxa. The duurka yihiin aan qabyo ahayn, dhalidda waxay ku xiran tahay qiimaha nafaqada ee jawiga iyo xaaladaha cimilada.
In this article waxaad ka heli doontaa sharaxaad faahfaahsan ee kala duwan, sifooyinka baradho iyo qaar ka mid ah astaamaha agrotechnics ee ay beerashada.
Sharaxaad kala duwan
Magaca dugsiga | Dheriga |
Sifooyinka guud | Miisaanka hore u bislaaday kala duwan ee xulashada qaranka, adkaysi u ah abaarta, dhalidda ma aha mid sare |
Wakhtiga uurka | 70-75 maalmood |
Mawduucyada Starching | 10-17% |
Dad badan oo digriiga ganacsiga ah | 100-130 gr |
Tirada digriiga duurka | 6-11 |
Yield | 100-200 c / ha |
Tayada macaamilka | dhadhanka ugu wanaagsan, ku habboon cunto karinta wax kasta oo suxuun leh, wuxuu ka kooban yahay borotiin badan iyo fiitamiin |
Soo kabashada | 95% |
Midabka maqaarka | midab buluug ah |
Midab daruuf | kareem ama caddaan |
Gobollada la doorbido | ciid iyo jawi kasta |
Cadaadiska cudurada | fayruska u adkeysata cawska caleenta, maskaxaha, lugta madow, u nugul gabo gabo |
Noocyada sii kordhaya | tiknoolijiyada beeraha, waxay jecel yihiin carrada iftiinka, waxaa lagu talinayaa in la qodo digriiga ka dib markii ay si buuxda u bateen |
Asalka | Looma galin diiwaanka noocyo kala ah Federaalka Ruushka iyo wadamada kale. |
Astaamaha baradhada
Baradhada "Chugunka", tafaasiisha kala duwan: waxaa loola jeedaa jadwalka hore. Qaar ka mid ah lataliyeyaasha ayaa tixgelinaya miiska kala duwan. Xilliga dhirta waa 70-75 maalmood. Waxaa lagu talinayaa in la qodo digriiga dhamaadka Bisaylkiisa, waxay helayaan dhadhan qani ah waxayna noqdaan waxtar badan..
Cuntada ayaa ku xiran aagagga cimilada iyo qiimaha nafaqada ee carrada, illaa 100 illaa 200 oo mitir hektar ah. Digriiga la ururiyey ayaa si fiican loo hayaa, ku habboon gaadiidka iyo iibinta.
Sida loo kaydiyo baradho xilliga jiilaalka, waa maxay shuruudaha iyo waxa sheyga ah ee kaydinta baradhada sanduuqyada, akhriya qalabka gaarka ah ee boggayaga. Waxaan sidoo kale kuu sheegi doonaa wax ku saabsan kaydinta baradho la shiilay oo ma kaydin kartaa baradhada cayriin, la kariyey iyo la shiilay qaboojiyaha?
Baradhadu si aad ah ayey u saameeyaan kansar, kallana, fayras. Fikrad ahaan ma qabato lugta madow, waxay u adkaysatay caleenta caleen ama maasas. Caabuqnimada leh dabaylo goor dambe ayaa suurtagal ah; inta lagu jiro cudur faafa, dhirta waxay u baahan tahay daryeel gaar ah oo taxadar leh.
Buundooyinka miisaanka dhexdhexaadka ah ama sare, nooca dhexe, qumman, oo aan la soconin laamood. Dhismaha cagaarka cagaaran waa badan yahay, caleemuhu waa yar yihiin, cagaar mugdi ah, oo leh geeso daciif ah oo qallafsan iyo si cad ujirta xididada.
Corolla is haysta, waxaa laga soo ururiyey ubaxyo casaan-casaan leh. Dhismaha Berry waa mid hooseeya. Nidaamka asaasiga ah waa mid awood leh, ugu yaraan 10 baradho wayn ayaa lagu xiraa duur kasta. Iyadoo daryeel wanaagsan, digriiga fool xun ayaa dhif ah la sameeyay, wax yar ayaa la goostay.
Heerka daryeelka beeraha. Digriiga waxaa lagu beeray dhul wanaagsan, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la ilaaliyo heerka qoyaanka. Waxyaabaha kala duwan waxay jecel yihiin carrada iftiinka, laakiin sidoo kale waxay ku koraan xayawaanka iyada oo aan wax dhibaato ah.
Digriiga ee darajada "Chugunka" waxay ku kala duwan yihiin dhadhanka wacan. Laga soo bilaabo iyaga sameynta hawo fiican oo midab madow ah ayaa soo baxday. Digriiga waa la dubi karaa, la dhalaaliyaa, la dubay ama la kariyey, ma madoobaan xilliga goynta.
Mid ka mid ah tilmaamayaasha ugu muhiimsan ee muhiim u ah marka la dooranayo noocyada kala duwan ee beerashada waa dhalidiisa. Jadwalka hoose waxaad ku arki doontaa dabeecadahan noocyo kala duwan oo lagu soo bandhigay boggeena:
Magaca dugsiga | Yield |
Santa | ilaa 570 c / ha |
Tuleyevsky | 400-500 c / ha |
Gingerbread Man | 450-600 c / ha |
Ilinsky | 180-350 c / ha |
Cornflower | 200-480 c / ha |
Laura | 330-510 c / ha |
Irbit | ilaa 500 kg / ha |
Blue-eyed | ilaa 500 kg / ha |
Adretta | ilaa 450 kg / ha |
Alvar | 295-440 c / ha |
Sawir
Qaar ka mid ah baradhada "Chugunka" - sawirka hoose:
Asalka
Kala duwanaanta "dherer" waxa loola jeedaa tusaalooyinka dhabta ah ee xulashada qaranka. Looma darin Diiwaanka Gobolka ee Ruushka, laakiin waxaa ku baahsan beeraleyda hiwaayadda waxayna ku koraan gobollo kala duwan. Ka mid ah awoowayaasha baradho ah, Sineglazka caanka ah waxaa ku qoran, digriiga waxaa si firfircoon loogu isticmaalaa shaqada taranta.
Iyada oo isticmaalka dheer ee isla abuur baradho isku mid ah. Si kor loogu qaado mass ee digriiga iyo kordhiyaan wax-soosaarkooda, cusbooneysiinta marxaladaha digriiga beeritaanka waxaa lagu talinayaa.
Awoodda iyo tabar darrada
Ka mid ah faa'iidooyinka ugu weyn ee kala duwan:
- dhadhan fiican ee dalagyada xididada;
- Baasaboor hore loo sameeyey;
- daryeel la'aanta;
- dulqaadnimada abaaraha;
- digriiga la goostay si wanaagsan ayaa loo hayaa;
- iska caabinta cudurada iyo cayayaanka.
Ka mid ah cilladaha yar yar:
- dareenka nafaqada;
- Sannad kasta dhowr jeer, waxa lagu talinayaa in la cusboonaysiiyo.
Jadwalka hoose waxaad ka heli doontaa tirooyinka ilaalinta ee isbarbardhigaya baradhada Pig Baradho leh noocyo kale:
Magaca dugsiga | Longevity |
Baaskiil | 97% |
Zekura | 98% |
Kubanka | 95% |
Burly | 97% |
Felox | 90% |
Guul | 96% |
Agatha | 93% |
Natasha | 93% |
Gabadh gabar ah | 92% |
Uladar | 94% |
Noocyada sii kordhaya
Baradhadu waxay ku dhowyihiin illaa badhtamaha May, carrada waa in ay si fiican u kululaan. Ka hor inta beerto, digriiga waa la kariyay, la qalajiyey, oo laga baaraandegay kiciyaasha kobaca..
Ka dib markii in, baradho ah ayaa la googooyay iftiinka ama balka qoyan. Digriiga caafimaadka leh, digriiga si joogto ah leh leh cayayaanka adag, awood leh ayaa loo doortaa beeritaanka. Ciidda beeritaanka waxay noqon kartaa wax kasta.
Noocyada kala duwan waxay si deggan u dulqaadanayaan carrada culus, laakiin substrate-ka fudud bacrin ah, dhaliddu si weyn ayey u kordheysaa. Nafaqada carrada ayaa kor u qaadeysa humus ama qoryaha qoryaha, waxaa suurtogal ah in la quudiyo hal mar oo leh xal of superphosphate ama mullein qasi. Quudinta iyo faa'iido fuudinta, waxaa loo sameeyaa 10 maalmood ka hor goosashada.
Akhri wax dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan sida iyo goorta la codsanayo Bacriminta, iyo sidoo kale sida loo sameeyo si habboon marka la beero, akhriso maqaallada goobta.
2-3dii sanoba mar, meelo beerto baradho ah ayaa loo baahan yahay in la beddelo. Meelaha bannaan lagu beeray waxaa lagu beeray lupin, dabeysha saliida ah ama phacelia.
Bacaha, kaabajka ama karootada waxay noqon doonaan kuwa ugu fiican ee ugxanta. Natiijooyin wanaagsan ayaa sidoo kale laga helaa iyadoo lagu beeri karo goobo horey u degay cawska cagaaran.
Xididada waxaa lagu meeleeyaa fogaan ah 30 cm midba midka kale, masaafada 60 cm ayaa u dhaxaysa safarka. Digriiga qoto dheer ee 10-12 cm. Waraabinta waraabinta waa lagama maarmaanka u ah xagaaga. Xilliga hawada qoyan, beeritaanka pollinate leh ash alwaax, kaas oo ka hortagaya root xidhan ama madow.
In geedi socodka ah ee sii kordhaya 1-2 jeer jeer la soo dhajiyo leh formation of cabis sare. Dhamaan cawska ayaa isla markiiba laga saaraa. Si loo fududeeyo geeddi-socodku waxa uu noqonayaa mid u dhaxeeya safka cawska ama cawska.
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Akhri dhammaan wixii ku saabsan isticmaalka herbicides, fungicides iyo cayayaanka.
Waxaan sidoo kale soo jeedinaynaa in aad barato qaababka kale ee bataatada sii kordhaya: cawska, bacaha, fiilooyinka, sida uu qabo farsamada Dutch.
Cudurada iyo cayayaanka
Beeralayda oo kobciya noocyo kala duwan oo "birta dhagax", waxay caddeeyeen caabbinta wanaagsan ee kansarka barafka iyo fayrasyo kala duwan. Baradhadu marar dhif ah ayey saameeyeen masjidka la isku qurxiyo ama caleenta caleenta, oo aan waxyeello ka soo gaarin madow.
Caabuqa suurtagalka ah ee leh xanaaqa goor dambe caleemaha ama digriiga. Inta lagu jiro muddada daaweynta cudurrada faafa ee leh daawooyinka bakteeriyada lagu taliyo ayaa lagu taliyaa. Wixii beereed oo keliya oo baradho ah oo ka yimaada duurka aan-qabin ayaa la xushay.
Boggeena internetka waxaad sidoo kale ka heli kartaa macluumaad faahfaahsan oo ku saabsan cudurada sida Alternaria, fusarium wilt, verticillis iyo qolof baradho.
Noocyo kala duwan oo leh mado buluug iyo mado guduud ah ayaa badanaa soo jiidata cayayaanka. Kala duwanaanta baradhadu waa ka reebitaanka farxadda. Xayawaanku si aad ah ayey u saameysey Colorado baradho ama baradho. Si looga hortago, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la soo qaado digriiga iyo si taxadar leh u xulashada ciidda hadhaaga dhirta ka hor beerashada.
In dagaalka ka dhanka ah Colorado baradho baradho ayaa kaa caawin doona kiimikooyinka: Aktara, Corado, Regent, Taliyaha, Prestige, Hillaac, Tanrek, Apache, Taboo.
"Chugunka" waa noocyo xiiso iyo dhadhan leh oo u qalma dareenka ugu dhow. Iyadoo daryeel ku habboon, goosashada xasillooni waa la damaanad-qaadayaa, digriiga waa siman, ballaaran, qurux badan.
Midabka guduudka ah ee raadka ah ee isha boqolkiiba siyaado ah ee ka-faa'iideystayaasha waxtarka leh, fitamiinada iyo walxo kale oo qiimo leh.
Waxaan sidoo kale bixinaynaa si aad u barato noocyo kale oo baradho ah oo leh shuruudo kala duwan:
Xilliga dhexe | Gaar ahaan hore | Taageero |
Sonny | Jacayl | Beeraha |
Crane | Rabbi ee isdhaafka | Meteor |
Rogneda | Ramos | Juvel |
Granada | Taisiya | Minerva |
Magician | Rodrigo | Kiranda |
Lasock | Red Fantasy | Veneta |
Zhuravinka | Jelly | Zhukovsky hore | Blueness | Tafsiir | Riviera |