"Idared" - noocyo kala duwan oo loo yaqaanno tufaaxa jiilaalka, taas oo ah mid caadi ah meelo badan. In this article waxaan ku siin doonaa sharaxaad ka mid ah tufaax kuwaas oo sawirro, iyo sidoo kale tixgeliyaan faa'iidooyinkooda iyo faa'iido darrida.
Taariikhda la qabsiga
"Idared" - noocyo kala duwan oo tufaax ah, kaas oo lagu dhaliyey qoryaha Maraykanku sannadkii 1935-kii sababtoo ah isku-dhafid la'aanta noocyo caan ah oo yaryar "Jonathan" iyo "Wagner". Kala duwanaantani waa mid aan qabyo ahayn, sidaas awgeed waa mid caan ah, oo koray dhoofinta. Dhammaadkii 60aadkii, waxay noqotay mid baahsan oo ku baahsan Ukraine iyo Ruushka.
Ma taqaanaa? Beerta Apple waxay ku dhowaad 5 milyan oo hektar ah ku leedahay meeraha.
Sharaxa dhirta
Dhirta Apple ee kala duwan oo lagu garto cabbirka weyn. Waxay ka tirsan tahay mid adag. Geedku wuxuu gaari karaa dhererka 6 mitir, waa mid bajuub ah, wuxuu leeyahay jir weyn, ballamo aad u fiican, oo ka soo baxaya jirridda xagal ba'an. Crown ee foomka kubad, laamaha daboolay caleenta cufan. Jilif iyo laamood qaro weyn oo midab-buni ah, laamood dhalinyaro ah, sida caadiga ah, hooska madow. Caleemaha waa cagaar mugdi ah, oo aad u sarreeya, dhalaalaya, dhalaalaya.
Tilmaamahani waa dabeecadda geedo 5-8 sano jir ah, koritaanka kordhay waxaa lagu arkay keliya geedo tufaax ah.
Wuxuu bilaabayaa in uu Bloom 3-5 sano ee nolosha ee maalmaha ugu dambeeya ee April - horraantii May. Ubax waa weyn, xabo-qaabeeya, cadaan, oo leh gees cadaan ah, ku xiran corymbose inflorescences.
Fiiri noocyada ugu caansan tufaaxa: "Lingonberry", "Gala", "Florina", "Gift for gardeners", "Anis", "Golden Delicious", "Solntsedar", "Jonagold", "Arkadik", "Wonderful", " Jung iyo Starkrimson.
Tafaasiisha Miro
Miraha tufaaxu waa weyn, miisaamaya qiyaas ahaan 145-175 g. Waxaa jira qaab muuqaal ah, midab cagaaran-jaale ah oo leh faashad jilicsan oo taajir ah oo daboolaya tufaax ku dhowaad gebi ahaanba. Maqaarku waa jilicsan yahay, hase yeeshee halkii cufan, daboolay dunta dabacsan. Cunto miro bisil waa kareem fudud, casiir leh, dhadhan macaan-dhanaan leh, dhexdhexaad ah, qurux badan.
Waxyaabaha kiimikada ee tufaaxa
| Arrinta qallalan | 13,5 % |
| Sonkor | 10,5 % |
| Ascorbic acid | 11.5 mg / 100 g |
| Walxaha P-firfircoon | 120 mg / 100 g |
| Acids titrated | 0,6 % |
Dufanka kalooriyada "Idared" waa 47-50 kcal.
Qiimaha tamarta miraha
| Sareeyaal | 0.4 g - 2 kcal |
| Fat | 0.4 g - 4 kcal |
| Carbohydrateska | 9.8 g - 39 kcal |
Saamiga tamarta ee borotiinka, dufanka iyo karbohidratka: 3% / 8% / 83%.
Shuruudaha Nalalka
Iftiimuhu waa waxyaabaha ugu muhiimsan ee hubiya habka sawir-qaadis. Tan iyo taajkii geedku aad ayuu u kobcay, waxay u baahan tahay gabbal-xilliyeedka wakhtiga ah si ay u bixiso iftiin dhinaca iyo dhinaca sare ah. Waxaa muhiim ah in la hubiyo in iftiinka ku filan uu gaaro dusha iyo gudaha taajka koonfureed iyo dhinacyada galbeedka. 
Shuruudaha ciidda
Ciidda meesha "Idared" tufaaxa koraan waa inay noqotaa mid nafaqo leh, oo leh suugasho wanaagsan iyo aereyn. Kuwa ugu fiican waa meelaha leh chernozem iyo dhoobo iftiin ah. Qufac (pH) - 6-7. Biyaha hoose waa inaysan aheyn meel ka fog 2 mitir dusha sare.
Waa muhiim! Dhirta Apple uma dulqaadan karto meelaha daadad joogto ah, sidaas darteed waa in lagu beeray meelo sare.
Dhoofinta
Noocyada kala duwan ee noocaan ah waxaa lagu gartaa heer sare oo ah bogsoon - 42-87%. Xaaladda dabiiciga ah ee dabiiciga ah, laga bilaabo 1.7 illaa 2.4% miro ayaa la sameeyay, geeddi-socodka pollination-farsamada - laga bilaabo 2.7 ilaa 7%, by pollinators ugu weyn - min 12 ilaa 24%. Noocyada loo yaqaan "pollinators" waa noocyo kala duwan: Wagner, Ruby Duc, Red Delicious, Gloucester, Florin. 
Dhirta Apple ee kala duwan ee Idared leeyihiin hantida ma-infertility, sidaas darteed bannaanka u sheego beeritaanka dhirta pollinating dhow.
Fruiting
Nooca fruiting - isku dhafan Miro ayaa si siman loo dhigaa dhererka laanta, lama ogaan karo. Waqtiga goosashada, 2-3 tufaax ayaa lagu hayaa dabka. Inta lagu jiro xilliyada kordhinta goosashada, miraha badanaa waxay ka dhigan tahay garland yar.
Goosashada ugu horreysa waa in la filaa 5-6 sano ka dib markii la beerto geed.
Wakhtiga uurka
Dhammaystirida mudista bisil - maalmaha ugu dambeeyey ee Sebtembar. Horaanba xilligan, midhaha laguma talinayo in la ururiyo, maadaama ay taasi saameyn xun ku yeelan karto dhadhanka iyo tayada tufaaxa. 
Ma taqaanaa? Laga soo bilaabo 16aad illaa qarnigii 19aad, yurubiyanku waxay qurxiyeen geedihii New Year ee tufaaxa, iyaga oo dooranaya miraha dhalaalaya.
Yield
Dhirta dhirta ee noocyada kala duwan waxay leeyihiin midho dhaadheer iyo marwalba midho u dhali. Gobollada qaar, tilmaamayaasha wax-soo-saarka waxay le'eg yihiin 300-400 senteemer / ha. Da'da 6-7 sano ilaa 30 kg oo tufaax ah ayaa la siiyaa, da'doodu tahay 10-13 sano ilaa 90 kg.
Gaadiidka iyo kaydinta
Tufaaxyada Idared ayaa ah kuwo aad u sarreeya, sidaas darteed waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa ujeedooyin warshadeed. Heerka suurtagalka miro - 88-92%. 
Xaaladaha saxda ah, tufaaxu wuxuu socon karaa ilaa lix bilood iyadoon la lumin hantidooda. Haddii meesha kaydinta ay tahay maqaasiinka, miraha waxay jiifsan karaan lix bilood, haddii tani waa qaboojiye - illaa xagaaga soo socda.
Cudurada iyo Caabuqa Cayayaanka
Hanti aad u fiican oo noocyo kala duwan ah waa iska caabin cudurro badan iyo cayayaanka, gaar ahaan meesha baruurta. Waa in sidoo kale la ogaadaa in tufaaxan ay si dhexdhexaad ah u adkaatay in ay qolofta, sidaa daraadeed waa lagama maarmaan in la fuliyo wax ka qabashada kahortaga xilli sii kordheysa.
Hardiness Winter
Kobcin tufaax kala duwan "Idared" ayaa lagula taliyaa gobollada heerkulka uusan hoos udhicin -20 ° C, maaddaama ay u nugul yihiin geedo lagu keydiyo geedaha xitaa iyada oo la kordhinayo heerarka xajmiga. Goobaha diirran heerka dareenka jiilaalka waa dhexdhexaad. 
Waa muhiim! Dhirta Apple ma fududa in ay hor istaagaan dabaysha qabow, sidaas darteed meel aan joogto aheyn uma shaqeyn doonto.
Isticmaalka miraha
Waxaa lagu talinayaa in la cuno miraha cusub, oo haya dhammaan guryaha qiimaha leh. Waxaa lagu gartaa juiciness weyn, sidaa daraadeed waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa in soo saarista casiirada iyo compotes. Tufaaxu waxay sameeyaan miraha la qalajiyey oo fiican, jajab, iyo macaanka. Waxa kale oo lagu daraa saladhaha iyo keega, kuwaas oo siinaya saxanka dhadhanka asalka ah.
Awoodda iyo tabar darrada
Kala duwanaantan ayaa leh tayo wanaagsan, laakiin qaar ka mid ah kuwa xun ayaa lala socon karaa iyaga. 
Faa'iido
- Soosaarka Weyn.
- Waxay u dulqaadanaysaa qalalan.
- Gaadiidka ugu wanaagsan.
- Heer sare oo ku habboonaanta deegaanka.
- Fruiting Hore.
- Miraha waxaa lagu kaydiyaa waqti dheer.
- Isku dayid xaddi badan oo fiitamiin ah.
- Waxaa loo isticmaalaa taranka noocyada cusub.
Ogolaansho
- Cadaadiska hooseeya ee qolofta iyo xayrta maqaarka.
- U baahan tahay quudin joogto ah.
Haddii aad rabto geedkaaga tufaaxa ah inuu midho u dhasho sannad walba, akhri sida loola macaamilo caarada budada ah ee geedka tufaaxa.
Aqoonsiga sifooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee geed-geedeedka "Idared" oo raacaya talooyinka muhiimka ah ee daryeelka, bacriga ma adkaan doono in la helo Goosashada ugu fiican ee miraha.
