Waa maxay qajaarka, waxay ogyihiin xitaa kuwa aan la xiriirin beeraha ee hawlahooda xirfadeed. Maaha wax la yaab leh, sababtoo ah waa miraha ugu muhiimsan ee warshadaha cuntada, laga bilaabo hadhuudh kaas oo soo saara firileyda iyo burka. Intaa waxaa dheer, waa arrin wanaagsan oo loogu talagalay dalagga badan.
Vitamin PP waxaa laga helaa caleemaha iyo ubaxyada dalagga, iyo qashinka ka yimaada geedi-socodka - bur, caws, iyo buunshaha hadhuudhka - waxaa loo isticmaalaa sidii quudinta xoolaha. Waddamada bariga ah, caanaha quruxda hadhuudhka ayaa loo isticmaalaa wax soo saarka barkimooyin. Warshadda, marka lagu daro, waxay leedahay qiimaha sida geedka malab: laga bilaabo 1 ha dalagyada waxaad ka heli kartaa qiyaastii 100 kg oo malab iyo xataa ka badan.
Dhulka dhulku waa bariga iyo koonfur bari Aasiya. Warshadda waxaa lagu soo bandhigay dalagga 4 kun oo sano ka hor, oo ku yaal buuraha Hindiya iyo Nepal, halkaas oo lagu magacaabo "bariis madow". Waxay ka tirsan tahay reerka Grechishny waxayna u taagan tahay noocyo dhowr ah, oo ugu muhiimsan ee beeruhu ka kooban yihiin. Waxaa loo qaybiyaa laba qaybood: qaybo badan oo caadi ah. Muhiimadda weyn ee warshadaha cuntada waa caadi.
Ma taqaanaa? Dhaqanka Bacaha oo la yiraahdo Slavs kadib markii loo keenay Byzantium qarnigii VII. Marka loo eego nooc kale, magaca "buckwheat" ayaa u muuqday sababtoo ah sanooyin badan dhaqanka waxaa lagu beeray inta badan raxan Giriig ah oo ku yaala macbudka. Hadda waddamada yurubta ah, buckwheat waxaa loogu yeeraa "cajiinka lo'da ee sababta oo ah isku midka ah ee miraha leh nuts beeh, sidaas awgeed magaca caanaha ee Laatiin: Fagopyrum -" bukovidny ".Maqaalkani wuxuu qeexayaa noocyada beeraha ee kaabe, ugu caansan ee beerista warshadaha cuntada.
Noocyo Diploid ah oo ka kooban
In noocyo diploid iyo noocyada tetraploid ayaa loo yaqaan. Faraqa udhexeeya iyaga ayaa ah kuwa diploidku ku jiro 16 koromosoom, iyo kuwa tetraploid - 32.
Si loo xaqiijiyo goosashada wanaagsan, iyada oo aan loo eegin xaaladaha cimilada iyo arrimaha kale ee dibedda, sida caadiga ah, ugu yaraan laba ama saddex nooc oo bakeeriga lagu beeray hal goob.
Waa muhiim! Bacaha lama beeri karo meelaha xayawaannada loo isticmaalo dalagyada hore.
"Vlad"
Cunto karis ah "Vlada" waa dhirta diploid qallalan, oo ah xarriiqa lafdhabarta ah oo gaadhaya dherer ka badan 1 mitir. Caleemaha waa wadnaha-saddex xagal, cagaaran midab, leeyihiin jinsi yar yar, tag joodariga, sessile ilaa sare ee asliga ah. Raceme, ubaxyo, ubax yaryar, midab casaan leh.
Miraha waa trihedral, elongated, brown mugdi ah. Farqiga ugu wayni waa cilad-isku-dhafan, jaan-gooyo fiican, miro-dhalid ubax ah, iyo sidoo kale caabbinta abuurista abuurka iyo hoyga. Beeridda waa in la sameeyaa taariikhda hore, iska ilaalinta dib u dhac, sababtoo ah taasi waxay keenaysaa in lumiyo miraha mustaqbalka.
Celceliska waxsoosaarku waa 16.5 c / ha, ugu badnaantii laga diiwaan geliyey wadamada CIS - 28.1 c / ha (2007). Wakhtiga dhirta ee dhirtu waa qiyaastii 83 maalmood. Iyadoo la tixraayo tayada tiknoolajiyadda iyo firileyda. Tilmaamayaasha xajmiga buundada ee noocyada kala duwan waa 90.4%; dhalidda dalagga - 75.6%; Kalluunka qumbaha - 61.8%. Dhuxusha Boorash waxa lagu qiyaasay 5 dhibcood.
"Dikul"
Qeybaha kala duwan ee "Dikul" waxay leeyihiin sifooyinka morphological oo la mid ah noocyada "Vlad". Qaab gaaban, waxay gaartaa dhererka 70-95 cm, midab cagaaran, oo leh jinsi daciif ah. Caleemaha waa yaryar, saddex-gees-wadnaha-qaabeeya, cagaaran, waxay leeyihiin qaansooyin daciif ah. Inflorescence rigooro ama corymbose, ubax cad iyo casaan.
Miro waa mid dhexdhexaad ah, midab leh, bunni ah. Kala duwanaansho - bartamihii xilli-ciyaareedka, xilligooda sii kordhaya wuxuu socdaa ilaa 80 maalmood. "Dikul" waxaa loo arkaa noocyo leh wax soo saar wanaagsan. Celcelis ahaan 16.1 sentimitir halkii hektar, ugu badnaanna waa 25.8 sentimitir halkii hektar (2003). Qodobbada tiknoolajiyada sare iyo tayo-qabadka. Heerka qiyaasta hadhuudhka waa 75%; Dalagga badarka - 70%, kalluunka qumbaha - 53%. Dhuxusha Boorash waxa lagu qiyaasay 5 dhibcood.
"Roob"
Kala duwanaan ah "Rush" waxaa lagu gartaa joogitaanka burush hal ah halkii corymbose, taas oo ku taala dhinaca sare ee biqil. Duufaanku waa weyn, wuxuu gaadhaa dherer ah 7 cm, ma aha wax badan oo ubax ah. Dhirta ayaa leh caleemo fiican oo fiican, oo leh qiyaastii 4-6 knot.
Wixii qajaarka ah, qaar ka mid ah kuwa ka soo horjeeda ugu fiican waxay noqon doonaan: baradhada, lupins, datur. Buckwheat lafteedu waxay noqon doontaa hormuud fiican oo loogu talagalay: miro, rootiga sonkorta iyo baradhada.
Kala duwan waa mid aad u-weyn, mid dhexaad ah, waana mid u adkeysanaya hoyga. Xilli sii kordhaya wuxuu soconayaa illaa 70-80 maalmood. Wax soo saarka miraha - 73%, macdanta borotiinka - 16.3%. Wax-soosaarka ugu sarreeya ee "Roog" - 27.3 c / ha (1991). Si fiican u qalajin, ku habboon goynta tooska ah ee isku dhafan. Wax-soosaarka dhalidda ugu sareeya ee carrada bacrin ah.
"Carmen"
Noocyo Bacriminta "Carmen" - wakiil kale ee noocyo diploid, go'aamiyey, warshad qumman. Caleemaha waa cagaar, qalbi-qaabeeya iyo saddex xagal oo qaab ah, ilaa sare ee stem waa muraayad-qaabeeya, sessile, oo leh dufka daboolka oo daciif ah iyo iyada oo aan pubescence ah.
Inflorescence cufan, jimicsi, oo ku yaalla daaqa dheer. Ubax waa midab casaan leh, yar yar. Miro waa trihedral, wuxuu leeyahay qaab alambal, midabka madow mugdi ah. Celceliska celceliska - 17.3 c / ha; ugu badnaan la duubay - 24.7 c / ha (2003). Xilli sii kordhaya waa qiyaastii 79 maalmood.
Wax-soo-saarka firileyda - 67.7%, kalluunka masaggada - 65%, dhadhanka firileyda waxaa lagu qiyaasay 5 dhibcood. Waxaa lagu gartaa si taxadar leh oo istaagaya afkoda, branching good, ubax iyo miro miro. Habka ugu fiican ee nadiifinta - laba waji.
"Klimovka"
Kala duwanaanta kala duwan ee "Klimovka" waa bartamihii xilli-ciyaareedka, u adkaysta hoyga iyo waxaa lagu gartaa miraha waaweyn (hadhuudh). Xilliga sii kordhaya wuxuu soconayaa 79 maalmood. Heerkulka asliga ah waa 98 cm Cuntada ka dhalatay kala duwanaanta noocaan ah waa mid aad u sareeya, celceliska celceliska waa 17.4 sentimitir halkii hektar. Kuwa ka soo horjeeda ugu fiican ee Klimovka waa miraha miraha ah, jiilaalka la bacrimiyay iyo cawska sanadlaha ah.
"Sapphire"
Caleemaha waxay leeyihiin dhafo qoyan, oo gaadhaya heer aan ka badnayn 75 cm Caleemaha waa dhexdhexaad ah, cagaar midab leh, qaabab wadnaha ah, oo isu beddelaya sessile, dalxiis, iyadoon aan pubescence iyo daboolin. Inflorescence jimicsiga, on peduncle dheer, ubax yar yar, cad-casaan.
Miraha waa trihedral, dheeman-qaabeeya, brown. Beerista qoyan ee noocyada kala duwan waa in la fuliyaa ee tobanka sano - labaad ee May, oo laga reebo dib u dhac, sababtoo ah taasi waxay keenaysaa in lumiyo. Cawska ku jira ubax wanaagsan iyo dillaac of hadhuudh. Sredne-aan xasilloonayn si ay u daadiyaan abuurka iyo hoyga.
Bacaha "Sapphire" waxay bixisaa dhalid heer sare ah, celceliska celceliska waa 22.5 c / ha; ugu badnaan waa 42.6 sentimitir halkii hektar (2008). Xilliga dhirta wuxuu soconayaa ilaa 86 maalmood. "Sapphire" ee tayada leh waxaa loola jeedaa noocyada qiimaha leh, waxaana lagu kala saaraa tayada farsamada iyo firileyda. Hadhaaga waa weyn yahay, isbeddelkuna waa sare - 91%. Soo-saarka firileyda waa 73.3%, cirifka firileyda - 56.7%. Dhuxusha boorashka waxaa lagu qiyaasay 5 dhibcood, kooxduna waxay ka kooban tahay 14.5% borotiin.
"Darkie"
Noocyada kala duwan ee "Darkie" waxay leedahay dabeecad qoyan oo qallafsan, taas oo ku dhammaaneysa burush hal ah. Warshadu waxay gaartaa dhererka 72 ilaa 102 cm Caleemaha waa hal-jarjar, wadnaha-saddex-gees, cagaaran, iyada oo aan wax cunin iyo pubescence.
Racemes, ku fadhiiso barta dheer ee 8-14 ee burush. Ubax ee midab casaan caan ah, trihedral hadhuudh, qaawan, midab-dhejisan, midab madow iyo shukulaato. Warshadu waxay leedahay celcelis dhalid, ilaa 14.3 c / ha.
"Aronia"
"Black" ayaa loo yaqaan 'Yubileinaya-2' habka xulashada shakhsi ahaaneed. Tani waa kala duwanaan leh, xilli ay sii kordheyso waa in ka badan 75 maalmood. Maqsinnada dhirta dhererkiisu sarayso, qiyaastii 100 cm, waxay leeyihiin laan wanaagsan. Bloom waa mid wanaagsan, saaxiibtinimo, ubax waa caddaan.
Miraha karootada "Chokeberry "oo ah mid dhexdhexaad ah, madow, wuxuu ka kooban yahay 14 ilaa 17% borotiinka, wuxuu leeyahay tayada farsamada iyo hadhuudh wanaagsan, waxsoosaarka firileyda wuxuu sare u kacay ilaa 77%. aagagga.
Tetraploid kala duwan
Tetraploids of buckwheat waxaa lagu gartaa dhalidda sii kordhaysa, baraf weyn, baruurta sare ee miraha, waxay leeyihiin qaboojin daciif ah iyo hoos u dhac. Tixgeli nooca ay yihiin tetraploid.
Alexandrina
Beeraha laga helo "Alexandrina" waxay leeyihiin godad foorno ah oo dhererkiisu yahay celcelis ahaan 89 cm Caleemaha waa cagaar, wadnaha-qaabeeya, calaacal-qaabeeya, u soo mari-rogo, ma laha muqadaraad iyo xayiraad. Inflorescence waa corymbose, ku yaalla on peduncles dheer, ubax yihiin ballaaran, casaan cirro leh. Miro ayaa la jeexay, saddex xagal, bunni madow. Celceliska waxsoosaarkii kala duwan ee Alexandrina waa 18.1 c / ha; ugu badnaan waa 32.7 sentimitir halkii hektar (2004).
Xilliga dhirta wuxuu soconayaa 87 maalmood. Tilmaamaha tiknoolijiyada iyo firida ayaa sarreeya. Wax-soo-saarka firileyda - 68.2%, kalluunka masaggada - 63.7%. Horumarinta hore ee lagu beeray of buckwheat of kala duwan, tan ku beeran lahayn ugu dambeyntii tobanka sano ee hore ee May. Marka la beerto, waxaa looga baahan yahay in laga takooro dalagyada diploid. Habka ugu fiican ee nadiifinta - laba waji. Waxay leedahay muuqaal ubax ah iyo Bisaylkiisa wanaagsan ee hadhuudh, si dhexdhexaad ah u adkaysta si ay u daadiyaan hadhuudh iyo meel.
"Bolshevik-4"
"Bolshevik-4" waxaa lagu gartaa qaab awood leh, oo dhererkiisu yahay 1 mitir. Beerku waa mid ballaadhan oo sarreeya (91-100%), oo lagu yaqaan sifooyinka tiknoolajiyada sare. Ka hor inta jeexjeexin ee hadhuudhku uma baahna dib u goynta jajabyada, taas oo bixisa dhalid wanaagsan oo firiley ah - ilaa 86%.
Dhuxusha boorashka waxaa lagu qiyaasay 5 dhibcood, borotiinka waxsoosaarka ee masaggada ayaa aad u sarreeya - 15-16%. Celceliska celceliska - 19.1 c / ha, ugu badnaan - 32.2 c / ha ayaa la duubay sanadkii 2008. "Bolshevik-4" bartamihii xilli-ciyaareedka, xilliga sii kordhaya wuxuu socdaa min 68 ilaa 78 maalmood. Ciriiri ku ah caabbinta sii kordhaysa ee dhaxanta, hoyga iyo dayrta ee hadhuudhka.
"Eliiyaah"
U kala saar "Elijah" - warshad ah nooca qumman, wuxuu leeyahay dabeecad qoyan. Caleemaha waa wadnaha-saddex-gees, cagaaran, waxay u rogaan jilbaha jilicsan-qaabeeya, iyada oo aan wax cunno iyo pubescence. Duufaanno, ubaxyo waaweyn, casaan fudud. Beerku waa mid ballaaran, dheeman-qaabeeya, trihedral, bunni madow.
Celceliska waxsoosaarku waa 17.1 sentimitir halkii hektar, ugu badnaan waa 33.2 (1997). Soo-saarka firileyda -73-74%. Warshad waa mid si dhexdhexaad ah u adkaysata si ay u degto oo ay u burburiso, oo lagu gartaa ubax wanaagsan iyo dillaac. Habka ugu fiican ee nadiifinta - kala tag. Cuntada ugu fiican waxay ku taallaa loamy dhexdhexaadka ah iyo carrada iftiin leh, oo leh beero ballaadhan, oo leh xaddiga seeding oo ah 1.2 malyuun pcs / ha.
"Lena"
Kala iibsiga "Lena" waa nooc titraploid ah oo ah nooca qumman. Waxay leedahay muraayad farsamo oo joogto ah, oo gaadhaya 95 cm, midab cagaaran. Caleemaha waa cagaar, dalool, wadnaha-saddex xagal, iyada oo aan pubescence. Inflorescences cufan, jilicsan, on peduncles dheer, ubax-casaan.
Midhaha waa jajab, ballaaran, saddex-gees, bunni. Kala duwanaanshuhu waa xilli-dhexaad; xilliga sii kordhaya wuxuu soconayaa 88 maalmood. Isugeynta celceliska galleyda waa 13.8 c / ha; ugu badnaan waa 25,5 sentimitir halkii hektar (2003). Tilmaamaha tiknoolajiga iyo hadhuudhku aad ayay u sarreeymeen Wax-soo-saarka firileyda - 72%, kalluunka masaggada - 55%.
Dhuxusha Boorash waxa lagu qiyaasay 5 dhibcood. Qoditaanka hore ee tobankii sano ee hore ama tobnaad ee Maajo ayaa lagula talinayaa noocyadan. Habka ugu fiican ee nadiifinta - laba waji.
"Martha"
Martha waa mid ka mid ah wakiilada noocyo cusub oo tetraploid ah. Warshadu waa mid aan caddayn, oo kacsan, asliga ah waa meel bannaan, dherer, dhererkiisu yahay 1 m ee dhererka. Caleemaha waa dhexdhexaad, cagaaran, wadnaha-qaabeeya, seddex xagal, dalxiis, iyadoon loo ogolaaneynin maqaarka iyo dhogorta. Duufaanku waa midab, ubax ballaaran, midab casaan leh.
Miraha waa trihedral, dheeman-qaabeeya, madow mugdi ah. Celceliska waxsoosaarku waa 19.1 sentimitir halkii hektar, waxsoosaarka ugu sareeya waa 35.7 sentimitir halkii hektar (2008). Muddada dhirta waa muddo dheer - 94 maalmood. Kala duwanaanshuhu waa qiimo leh, wuxuu leeyahay tayada farsamada iyo siriyaalka.
Bacriminta waxaa badanaa soo weerara cayayaanka sida: Cockchafer, jiirarka, wireworms iyo nematodes.
Heesaaga waa weyn, jaantuskuna waa sare - 97.9%, soo-saarka firileyda waa 72%, masagada qamadiga waa 74.8%. Dhadiska boorashka waxaa lagu qiyaasay 5 dhibcood, maadada borotiinka waa 14%. Waxaa sidoo kale lagula talinayaa in la beero xilliga hore, iska ilaalinta dib u dhac, si aanay u lumin xaddiga dalagga. Marka beerista, waa in laga soocaa noocyada diploid.
"Minsk"
Kala soocidda noocyada kala duwan ee "Minskaya" waxaa loo adeegsaday habka xulashada kala duwan ee tijaabooyin heer sare ah iyo faraca "kala duwan" Istra. Dhirta "Minsk" oo dheer, oo lagu gartey jaanis wanaagsan. Ubaxa waa weyn, caddaana. Hadhuudh ballaaran.
Celceliska celceliska waa 12.3 -25.4 q / ha. Warshadu waa xilli-dhexaad; xilliga daaqsigu wuxuu socdaa min 79 ilaa 90 maalmood. Waxay leedahay tayada farsamada iyo hadhuudhka sare, soosaarka badarka - 73%, maaddada borotiinka - 16.8%. Waa hagaagsan yahay iyo bislaado, adkaysi u ah hoy.
