"Kiranda", oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan "Miracle Chinese", waa noocyo kala duwan oo baradhada hore ah, oo ku habboon gobollada leh kulayl qallalan. Digriiga si dhakhso ah u koraan, wax soo saarku wuxuu jeclaan lahaa xitaa bannaanka u khaas ah.
Baradho lama diiwaan geliyo diiwaanka gobolka, laakiin waxaa si fiican loo yaqaan 'ultrasonic' oo diyaar u ah isweydaarsiga shayga. Baro wax walba oo ku saabsan noocyada baradho kala duwan Kiranda - sawiro, sharaxaad iyo talooyin ku saabsan teknoolajiyada beeraha.
Baradho "Kiranda": sharaxaadda kala duwanaanta iyo sawirrada
Magaca dugsiga | Kiranda |
Sifooyinka guud | Kala duwan kala duwan oo leh digriiga aad u ballaaran, u adkaysata abaarta, gobollada diiran ayaa siinaya laba dalag xilli xilli |
Wakhtiga uurka | 50 maalmood |
Mawduucyada Starching | 12-16% |
Dad badan oo digriiga ganacsiga ah | 200-250 g |
Tirada digriiga duurka | 20-30 |
Yield | 115-320 c / ha |
Tayada macaamilka | dhadhanka caadiga ah, khafiif ah oo la kariyey, jilicsan, saladh iyo maraqa, ma madow |
Soo kabashada | 95% |
Midabka maqaarka | Jaale |
Midab daruuf | iftiin huruud ah |
Gobollada la doorbido | ciid iyo jawi kasta |
Cadaadiska cudurada | noocyada kala duwan ayaa u adkeysanaya kansarka, nematodes, qolof iyo fayrasyo, si liidata u nugul duufaanta goor dambe |
Noocyada sii kordhaya | biqilasho suurad wacan iyo waraabin dheeri ah, kuleylka ma heli karo bloom |
Asalka | aan la aqoon, oo la aaminsan yahay in uu ka yimid Shiinaha, laga yaabo inay GMO |
Dhammaystiraan sifooyinka baradho "Kiranda" sawir:
Astaamaha asalka ah
Baradhada "Kiranda" waxaa loola jeedaa noocyo miisaan leh. Digriiga waxay u bislaadaan 50 maalmood ka dib marka la furo. Horudhacaadkani waa mid ku habboon gobollada koonfureed. Marka si habboon loo qalajiyo, digriiga la uruuriyey si fiican ayaa loo hayaa.
Buundada ee cabbirka dhexdhexaad ah, kicin, dhexdhexaad ah cagaarka waa dhexdhexaad. Caleemaha waa cagaar madow, dhexdhexaad ah, fudud, oo leh geeso yar yar oo jilicsan oo si cad u calaamadsan. Corolla waa iswaafajin, oo ka soo baxa ubaxyo guduud leh. Ubax ah gaar ahaan saxarada xagaaga ee kulul ayaa laga yaabaa inaanay sameynin, ma saameynayso isku xirka digriiga. Dhismaha Berry waa mid hooseeya.
Tilmaamidda noocyada barafka hore ee hore ee "Kiranda" - awood u leh inay isbeddelaan tayada iyadoo ku xiran aagagga cimilada iyo xaaladaha sii kordhaya. Jirka ayaa bedelaya midabka kareemka ilaa jaalaha, diirku wuxuu noqon karaa cufnaan ama dhuuban. On carrada bacrin ah, digriiga waxay noqdaan kuwo ballaaran oo xitaa, dadka saboolka ah waxay noqdaan kuwo gacmeed, qaab beddelaya.
Kala sooc yar u nugul cudurka. Kuma saameynayo kansarka barafka, nematode dahab ah oo dahab ah, qolof caadi ah. Digriiga waxay muujiyaan iska caabin ah fayraska iyo cudurrada fangas, marar dhif ah ayay ka jirtaa dillaac ama fusarium, inkastoo mararka qaarkood fungicides laga yaabo in loo baahdo.
"Kiranda" waxay leedahay dhadhan fiican oo dheelitiran. Digriiga ma aha mid engegay, ma ahan biyo, qashir-saarka cagaarka ah oo qafiif ah ma iftiin marka goynta iyo karinta. Maadada nacaybka dhexdhexaadku ma ogalaan baradhada inay karkariso, jilciyada waa la dubi karaa, laleeyaa, cufan, dubay, la kariyey dufka qoto dheer.
Kala sooc ku habboon diyaarinta warshadaynta alaabta wax soo-saarka ah: baradhada french frozen, khudradda qudaarta, ama dharka faashadda.
Asalka
Kirada kala duwan Kiranda waxay leedahay taariikh aan caadi ahayn. Dufcaddii koowaad ee digriiga waxaa la soo bandhigay Ukraine 1993. Hawlaha taranka loo qorsheeyey ee goobaha tijaabada ah ee gobolka Donetsk, bilaabi lahaa shirkad weyn oo Shiinaha.
Hase yeeshee, mashruucii wuu ku guul daraystay, Shiinaha ayaa tagay oo ka tegay beeraha leh wax lagu beeray. Qayb ka mid ah baradho ayaa laga soo ururiyay saynisyahanno baradho ah.
Digriiga digriiga ah wuxuu dhaliyey goosashada baaxada leh, taas oo saldhig u ah mustaqbalka Kiranda. Magaca noocyada kala duwan ee loogu talagalay Shiinaha Early Davydova (by magaca aqoonyahanka oo qaatay daraasadda baradho).
Kala sooc ma helin aqoonsi rasmi ah, laguma daro diiwaangelinta gobolka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, baradhada ayaa ku badan beeralayda iyo beerta hiwaayadda. Waxay si firfircoon wax uga beddelaan shinniga, sii wadaan inay raacaan Kiranda oo ku guulaysatay tartanka guusha iyo beeraha dalal kala duwan.
Awoodda iyo tabar darrada
Faa'iidooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee kala duwan waxaa ka mid ah:
- dhadhan fiican ee khudaarta cagaaran;
- dhalidda sare;
- Bisaylkiisa hore;
- kuleylka iyo dulqaadnimada;
- dulqaadashada xaaladaha cimilada xun;
- ku dhaadhacday xayawaanka saboolka ah ama dhoobada;
- Waxyaalaha abuurku maaha mid aan hoos u dhicin;
- caabbinta cudurrada caadiga ah;
- beergooyska ayaa si wanaagsan loo ilaaliyaa.
Dhibaatooyinka waxaa ka mid ah tubada aan sinnayn. Under baadiyaha, marka lagu daro qurux iyo xitaa baradho, waxay u koraan si hufan ama yar yar.
Wax-soo-saarka waa mid ka mid ah tilmaamayaasha ugu muhiimsan ee baradhada sii kordheysa. Isbarbardhig sifaha noocyada kala duwan ee Kiranda leh noocyo kale:
Magaca dugsiga | Yield |
Gala | 400 kg / ha |
Grenada | 600 kg / ha |
Innovator | 320-330 c / ha |
Melody | 180-640 c / ha |
Qaboojiyaha | 180-380 c / ha |
Artemis | 230-350 c / ha |
Ariel | 220-490 c / ha |
Vektor | 670 c / ha |
Mozart | 200-330 c / ha |
Borovichok | 200-250 doolar / ha |
Noocyada sii kordhaya
Baradhada dhulalka bisha AbriilWaqtigaan, ciidadu waxay ku kaydisaa meel ku filan oo qoyaan ah. Xididada waxaa lagu dhejiyaa meel fog oo ah 30-35 cm oo leh 75 cm kala wareegaya qashinka.
Xilliga aad u baahan tahay 2-3 jeer ku beerashada beerashada, samaynta faro badan. Neefsashada u dhaxaysa safafyada ayaa kaa badbaadin doona haramaha.
Si loo kordhiyo soo saarista waraabka waraabinta. Haddii kale, waxaa lagugula talinayaa in aad biyaha ku beerato 1-2 jeer habka caadiga ah. Waxaa suurtogal ah in kor loo qaado dhalidda iyada oo la adeegsanayo Bacriminta, doorbidayaa organic. Mullein furan ama shimbir isdaba jooga ah. Marka la eego goorta iyo sida loo bacrimiyo baradho, sida loo sameeyo quudinta inta lagu guda jiro beerashada, akhriso maqaallo gooni ah.
Waxaan sidoo kale u soo jeedinaynaa macluumaadka faa'iido leh ee ku saabsan hababka kale ee baradhada sii kordhaya: tiknoolajiyada Dutch, iyo sidoo kale foostooyinka iyo bacaha.
Marka goosashada waa in ay diirada saaraan xaaladda dushooda. Sida ugu dhakhsaha badan ee ay u bilaabato in ay ku engegtay, waa wakhti aad ku qodo digriiga. Dhowr maalmood ka hor goosashada dhammaan cagaarka ayaa lagu talinayaa in la gooyo.
Ka dib markii la qodayo, baradhada si wanaagsan ayaa loo qalajiyey xuduudda ama hoostiisa. Goosashada la goostay waa la kala saaraa, xitaa kuwa digriiga dhexdhexaadka ah ayaa loo kala saaraa beeritaanka sii kordhaya. Waxyaabaha abuurka ah maaha mid khatar ah, cusbooneysiintu ma qaadato sanado badan.
Jadwalka hoose wuxuu soo bandhigayaa tilmaamayaasha astaamaha sida badeecada badeecadaha ee tuber iyo muujinta boqolkiiba ee tayada haynta baradhada noocyo kala duwan, marka la barbardhigo:
Magaca dugsiga | Cunto badan oo digriiga badeecadaha ah (grams) | Soo kabashada |
Sifra | 110-150 | 94% |
Serpanok | 85-145 | 94% |
Lakabyada laadadka | 85-110 | 95% |
Veneta | 67-95 | 87% |
Lorch | 90-120 | 96% |
Qaboojiyaha | 100-180 | 95% |
Labella | 80-100 | 98% |
Riviera | 100-180 | 94% |
Kaydinta baradhadu kuma jiraan hawlo adag. Waa lagama maarmaan in la xusuusto xeerarka kaydinta xilliga qaboobaha, waa ay fiicantahay inaad doorato meesha iyo xusuusta taariikhaha.
Cudurada iyo cayayaanka
Kala duwanaanta baradhada "Kiranda" si fiican looga ilaaliyo cuduro badan oo khatar ah: kansarka baradhada, nematode dahab dahabka ah, qolofka caadiga ah, verticillus, Alternaria, bakteeriyo kala duwan iyo fayrasyo. Bisaylka hore wuxuu kuu ogolaanayaa inaad ka goyso duufaan aad u ballaadhan oo soo daahay. Tallaabooyin ka hortag ah, beerto ayaa la daaweyn karaa hal mar oo leh daawo kasta oo bakteeriyadu leedahay.
Duufaan kulul, baradhada barafka ayaa saameeya aphids, caarada caarada. Digriiga waxaa lagu weerari karaa jiritaanka gujiska. Si loo hubiyo nabadgelyada beertu waxay awoodi doontaa inay abuurto dhar xidhashada iyo daaweynta ciidda horay u sii qaadashada cayayaanka. Ilaalinta wanaagsan ee ka soo horjeeda cayayaanka ayaa noqon doona ash alwaax, oo lagu soo bandhigo ceelasha.
Akhri dhammaan siyaabaha hababka wax looga qaban karo.
Kiranda waa mid dhab ah helitaanka badi koonfurta. Isbeddelka ayaa u diiriya kulaylka iyo abaarta, iyada oo aan la yareeynin wax-soosaarka, xitaa carrada saboolka ah. Waxyaabaha abuurka loogu talagalay beeritaanka xiga ayaa si madax banaan loo soo ururin karaa, iyagoo kaydsanaya iibsashada.
Hoos waxaa ku qoran mowduucyada kala duwan ee ku saabsan noocyada baradho ah ee kudheerta waqtiyada kala duwan:
Xilliga dhexe | Gaar ahaan hore | Dhaqdhaqaaqa-dillaac |
Aurora | Prince Black | Nikulinsky |
Skarb | Nevsky | Asterix |
Dareemo | Jacayl | Cardinal |
Ryabinushka | Rabbi ee isdhaafka | Kiwi |
Blueness | Ramos | Slavyanka |
Zhuravinka | Taisiya | Rocco |
Lasock | Lapot | Ivan da Marya | Magician | Caprice | Picasso |