Baradho Guddoomiyaha "Tuleevsky": sharaxaad kala duwan, sawir, dabeecadaha, sifooyinka

Waxyaabaha kala duwan waxaa lagu soo boodaa by jilayaasha gobolka Kemerovo iyo magacaabay ka dib markii uu maamulaha Aman Gumirovich Tuleyev.

Cuntada caagga ah, Xasilinta xaaladaha cimiladaIn ka yar 10 sano, baradho cajiinka ayaa ku guuleystay aqoonsiga beeraha baradho, oo ka mid ah tobanka ugu sareeya ee ugu caansan ee noocyada caanka ah ee dalka.

Tilmaamaha Tulley ayaa hubaal ka dhigaya beeraha beeraha, beeraha iyo beeraha gaarka loo leeyahay.

Tuleyevsky sifooyinka barafka iyo sharaxaadda kala duwan

Tuleyevsky helay 10 sano oo ah dhexdhexaadinta intraspecific ee noocyada Canadian iyo Ruush (Chernsky, Tolkan). Koodhka Diiwaanka Qaranka ee Ruushka waa 9610178. Sanadka lagu daro diiwaanka waa 2006.

Noocyada haysta shatiga: Machadka GNU ee Baradhada. A. G. Lorkha GNU Kemerovo NIISH.

Goobaha lagu taliyey ee noocyada sii kordhaya:

Republic of Mari El, Udmurtia iyo Chuvashia, Perm Territory, Kirov, Nizhny Novgorod iyo Sverdlovsk.
Jamhuuriyada Altai, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk, Tyumen.
Republic of Buryatia, Sakha (Yakutia), Tyva, Khakassia, Trans-Baikal iyo Krasnoyarsk Territory, gobolka Irkutsk.
Khabarovsk iyo Primorsky Krai, Amur, Kamchatka, Magadan, Sakhalin.

Kala duwanaantu waxay u adkaysataa kansarka, qolof, kallana, Alternaria, cayayaanka, cayayaanka. Calaamadaha u nugulnaanta nematode baradho dahab ah.

Akhri sidoo kale cudurada caamka ah sida fusarium, duufaan dambe, verticillis.

Morphology

Bushkul xooggan oo dhexdhexaad ah (30-35 cm). Kala baxaan nooc-dhexe, mid dhexe. Caleenta yaryar. Nooca iyo nooca baadiyaha waxay ku habboon yihiin dayactirka iyo nadiifinta. Is-bahaysiga baadiyaha ayaa kuu oggolaanaya inaad beerato noocyo baradho ah Tuleyevsky inta u dhaxeysa duurka miro, geedo geedo ah si ay u badbaadiyaan meel.

Caleemaha cagaaran oo cagaaran. Cabbirrada xaashida waa nooc dhexdhexaad ah, furan ama dhexdhexaad ah. Dhaqdhaqaaqa hoos udhaca. Ubax ka sameysan xarun huruud ah iyo corolla cad oo waaweyn. Xoojinta ubaxku waa dhexdhexaad. Kaabashka dhirta cayayaanka.

Noocyo baradho ah ee Tuleevsky waxay leeyihiin qaabka tooska ah ee loo yaqaan oval, xataa. Qaabdhismeedka diirka ayaa dib loo dhigaa, wax yar ka yar. Dareemku waa huruud. Qashirku waa mid qaro weyn, oo jaale ah. Indhuhu waa naadir, jaale, dabacsan, yar yar. Dib-u-dhiska sare waxaa la hubiyaa joogitaanka ugu yaraan 6 caleemood dhinaca.

Miisaannada badeecada ee tuber waa 120-270 g Marka la eego xaaladaha ugu wanaagsan, miro shakhsi u koraan ilaa 500-600 g. Ilaa 20-30 oo ah digriiga isku midka ah oo culeyskiisu yahay 7 kg ayaa laga soo qoday baadiyaha. Digriiga yaryar waa dhif iyo naadir.

Sawir

Sawirku wuxuu muujinayaa baradho kala duwan Tuleyevsky:

Calaamadaha Dhaqaalaha

In Diiwaanka State, kala duwan baradho Tuleyevsky waxaa lagu qeexay sida dhexdhexaad ah. Laga soo bilaabo beerto si loo helo dhalid la iibsan karo 50-60 maalmood, dushooda waxay bilaabaan inay soo daataan 60-90 maalmood.

Dhalidda sare, deggan, ka sarreeya heerka Nevsky. Celceliska badeecada badeecadda waa 180-300 sentitir halkii hektar. Horumarka ugu badan ee 424 sentimitir halkii hektar.

Waxaad isbarbardhigi kartaa dhalidda kala duwan ee Tuleevsky iyo noocyo kale oo baradho ah oo isticmaalaya jadwalka hoose:

Digriiga ayaa ku yaal meel u dhow dusha sare, buulkuna waa iswaji. Waxaa ku jira 14-17% istaarijin. Suuq galka ilaa 99%. Tayada hodanka ah ee tayo sare leh ilaa 85-90%. Iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay dabacsanaanta saxarka miro iyo khudradda kala duwan u adkaysiga dhaawaca farsamada, si sax ah u dulqaadanaya gaadiidka.

Akhriso wax dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan waqtiga iyo heerkulka dhibaatooyinka kaydinta. Iyo sidoo kale ku saabsan sida loo keydiyo xididdada jiilaalka, on balakoonka, in qashin, qaboojiyaha, nadiifiyaa.

U sheegi koox ka mid ah meelaha lagu cuno. Markaad karineysid digriiga ma karkarin jilicsan, qaabkooda ha ilaalin, ha ahaato dhadhan baradho ah. Waxaa loogu talagalay diyaarinta koorsooyinka labaad, si gaar ah ugu fiican baradho la shiiday. Noocyo dhadhan ah ayaa lagu qiimeeyaa heer sare. Sida laga soo xigtay dib u eegista iyo natiijooyinka cilmi-baarista, maaha mid liitaa, xittaa dhaaftay, noocyada tixraaca ee Adretta, Rocco, iyo Jelly.

Jadwalka hoose waxaad ka heli kartaa sifooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee noocyo kale oo baradho ah:

Waxyaabaha kala duwan ee kala duwan

Abaarta u adkaysata. Barafka Tuleevskaya waxtar uma baahna waraabinta. Uma baahna Bacriminta Fosfooraska iyo Ammonia. Iyadoo yaraanta boron ee ciidda ee tuber sameeyay hulalka aan la kaydin karin muddo dheer.

Akhri faahfaahin faahfaahsan oo ku saabsan sida loo abuuro baradhada, goorta iyo sida loo dalbado bacrimin, sida loo sameeyo marka la beerto.

Noocyada Agrotechnika

Agrotechnology Tuleyevskogo heerarka kala duwan. Qalabka beeraha bil ka hor beerashada lakabka ah 2-3 digriiga for vernalization, iska ilaalinta qoraxda tooska ah. Si looga hortago waxyeello duurka iyo digriiga leh wireworm, baradho baradho Colorado, aboorka baradho, iyo Medvedka, Foosha-hayayaashu waxay ku talinayaan in warshad beerto abuuray la diyaariyo la diyaariyo Prestige iyo Tabu.

Waxaan sidoo kale u soo jeedinaynaa taxane ah maqaalo taxane ah oo ku saabsan dagaalka ka dhanka ah Colorado baradho baradho ee beertaada.

Akhri dhammaan wixii ku saabsan daaweynta caanka ah ee dadweynaha iyo kiimikooyinka.

Si aad u dhaqaajiso biqilka indhaha, hagaajinta difaaca, samee baadiyaha xooggan, isla markiiba ka hor beerashada, ula dawee wax kasta oo kiciya sida "Epin-Extra", "Emistim".

Habka ugu fiican ayaa loo tixgeliyaa inuu soo jiido jeexjeexyada. Saddex maalmood ka hor laga beerto, miraha baradho ah Tuleyevsky, digriiga waaweyn, ayaa la jarjarey 2-3 qaybood oo miisaankeedu yahay 50 g, ka tago 2-3 soodho kasta. Faafi qorraxda, ka baxso ilaa diirku aanu helin midab cagaaran. At masaafada ah 65-70 cm midba midka kale diyaariyo ceelasha qoto dheer oo 10-15 cm.

Isku xoqin ciidda laba jeer - dayrta iyo guga. Si taxadar leh u nadiifi xididada iyo cawska caws. Dhulgariirku wuxuu bilaabmaa oo kaliya ka dib marka dhulka si siman u kaco ilaa + 8-10 ° C. Ka waraabinta noocyada kala duwan uma baahna, sidoo kale, waa ka hortagga isaga. In abaar daran ba'an si tartiib tartiib tartiib ah. Neefsashada waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu xakameeyo haramaha.

Hilling. Samee ugu yaraan saddex jeer muddada koritaanka. Ka dib markii biqilka, caleemaha si toos ah u jiifsaday, kufin isla markiiba ka dib muuqaalka ubaxa ugu horeeya, markii ugu dambeysay ee ay isku rogaan marka "dhajinta" dushooda dushooda ee cirifka.

Cimilada aan fiicnayn ka hor intaan qashinka ugu dambeeya laga soo saarin xayawaanka xayawaanka digaaga ama digada si ay u taageeraan dhirta. Goynta bilaabaan marka ay dhaladooda noqdaan jaalle iyo fade.

Waxaa jira siyaabo dhowr ah oo lagu beeri karo baradhada. Akhri boggayaga waxkasta oo ku saabsan tiknoolajiyada Holland, ku saabsan helida dalagga oo aan la jarin iyo hilling, oo ku saabsan noocyo hore u koraya, hababka cawska, fiilooyinka, sanduuqyada, bacaha.

Kaydinta. Dalagga loo isticmaalo tooska ah ama iibka waxaa loo kaydiyaa si gooni ah maaddada abuurka. Marka kaydinta baradhada abuurka Ha u ogolaanin deriska ee digriiga noocyo kale. Kusoo dhawro t + 3 ° C, qoyaan 90-95%.

Haddii aanay suurtagal ahayn in lagu hayo mikroclimate xasilloon oo ah goobta kaydinta, sanduuqyada waxaa lagu daboolay caws ama alaabta daboolka ah. Ka hor inta lakabka digriiga lagu maydhay, si fiican u engegay iftiinka si iftiin leh. Toocyada kala duwan ee baradhada waxaa loo aqoonsan yahay mid ka mid ah noocyada ugu fiican gudaha. In la fahmo habka ciidda, iswaafajinta dhulgariirka, cimilada ba'an waxay suurtogal u tahay in ay korto noocyo kala duwan oo ku yaal gobollada Ruushka iyo beeraha gaarka loo leeyahay iyo ganacsiga.

Waxa kale oo aanu kuu soo jeedinaynaa in aad barato noocyo kale oo leh noocyo kala duwan oo macquul ah: