"Elizabeth" waa nooc caan ah oo qadiimi ah, oo aad u qiimeeya beeraleyda hiwaayadda ah iyo ganacsatada beeralayda ah. Digriiga dhadhanka leh hilibka cad ee madow waxay ku habboon yihiin tijaabooyinka khudradda, waxay ku fiican yihiin iibka. Kala duwanaanshuhu wuxuu muujinayaa dhalidda sare, iska caabinta cudurada iyo tayada kale ee muhiimka ah.
In this article waxaan soo bandhigi doonaa wax kasta oo ku saabsan kala duwan ee barafka Elizaveta - sifooyinka, sawirrada iyo sifooyinka ee ay beerashada.
Baradho "Elizabeth": sharaxaadda kala duwan, sawir
Magaca dugsiga | Elizabeth |
Sifooyinka guud | mid ka mid ah noocyada hore ee Ruush leh dhalid wanaagsan |
Wakhtiga uurka | 65-80 maalmood |
Mawduucyada Starching | 13-14% |
Dad badan oo digriiga ganacsiga ah | 80-140 gr |
Tirada digriiga duurka | ilaa 10 |
Yield | ilaa 400 kg / ha |
Tayada macaamilka | dhadhanka wanaagsan, jidhku ma madoobaado |
Soo kabashada | 93% |
Midabka maqaarka | caddaan |
Midab daruuf | caddaan |
Gobollada la doorbido | Waqooyiga, Woqooyi Galbeed, Bartamaha, Volgo-Vyatsky, Waqooyiga-Kawaska, Farax |
Cadaadiska cudurada | Dhibaato dhexdhexaad ah oo soo noqnoqda leh |
Noocyada sii kordhaya | tiknoolojiyada beeraha |
Asalka | Machadyada cilmi baarista ee cilmiga sayniska ee beeraha "Belogorka" ee Akadamiyadda Beeraha Ruushka iyo "Vsevolozhsk Station" |
Tilmaamaha ugu muhiimsan ee kala duwan:
- digriiga waa mid aad u ballaaran, miisaankiisu yahay 83 ilaa 140 g;
- qaabka wareegga-wareegga ah, oo leh caarad caajis ah;
- digriiga nadiifka ah, oo la isku dhejiyay baaxadda iyo miisaanka;
- diirka ayaa ah midab huruud ah ama mid madow, midab leh oo midab leh, dhexdhexaad ah;
- indhaha waa mid aad u muuqda, yar yar, aan la garanayn, si dhib yar loo dareemi karo;
- saxarka ku yaala gooyuhu waa caddaan;
- Noocyada nacaybku u dhaxeeyo 13 ilaa 18%;
- digriiga waa hodan ku ah borotiinka, asiidhyada qiimaha badan ee fitamiinada iyo fiitamiinada.
Kala duwanaanta "Elizabeth" waxaa lagu soo bandhigay sawiradan:
Astaamaha
Kala duwanaanta baradhada "Elizabeth" waxaa loola jeedaa dhexda hore, miiska. Wax-soo-saarka ayaa wanaagsan, iyadoo ku xiran xaaladaha cimilada iyo bacriminta ciidda, way kala duwan tahay laga bilaabo 290 ilaa 400 oo hektar ah. Sannad gaar ah oo lagu guuleystey, illaa 550 sentimitir ayaa laga soo ururin karaa 1 hektar.
In miiska waxaad arki kartaa dhalidda ee noocyo kale oo baradho ah:
Magaca dugsiga | Yield |
Elizabeth | Laga soo bilaabo 1 hektar waxay qaadataa ilaa 400 oo mitir. |
Juvel | Laga soo bilaabo 1 hektar waxaad ka qaadan kartaa in ka badan 700 oo lab ah. |
Meteor | 200 - 400 oo hektar ah halkii hektar, taas oo ku xidhan gobolka iyo cimilada. |
Afar maalmood | Laga soo bilaabo 1 hektar waxaa laga soo qaadan karaa 200 ilaa 300 quintals. |
Minerva | Laga soo bilaabo 1 hektar wuxuu ka soo qaataa 200 ilaa 450 oo mitir. |
Karatop | Waxaad haadi kartaa 200-500 oo mitir hektar. |
Veneta | Tirada celceliska celceliska waa 300 oo mitir halkii hektar. |
Zhukovsky hore | Celcelis ahaan 400 oo mitir hektar ah. |
Riviera | Laga soo bilaabo 280 ilaa 450 oo hektar ah. |
Kiranda | Laga soo bilaabo 110 ilaa 320 oo hektar ah. |
Baradhada la goostay ayaa si wanaagsan u haya dhawr bilood iyada oo aan laga lumin tayada ganacsi. Gaadiid waa suurtagal. Digriiga iftiinka badan, kuwa cadcad ee cadcad ayaa si weyn u iibsada.
Akhriso wax dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan waqtiga iyo heerkulka kaydinta baradho, oo ku saabsan dhibaatooyinka. Iyo sidoo kale ku saabsan sida loo sameeyo jiilaalka, on balakoonka, qaboojiyaha, ee joodariyeyaasha, nadiifiyaa.
Buundooyinku waa kuwo isdhaafsan, hooseeya, ciriiri, dhexdhexaad ah. Dhismaha mass cagaaran waa ka badan. Leaves waa mid dhexdhexaad ah, cagaar mugdi ah, maqaarka, oo leh geeso daciif ah oo qallafsan iyo si cad ujeeda. The corolla waa caddaan, is haysta. Ubaxa waa yar yahay, si degdeg ah ayuu u dhacaa. Berry aan la xidhin.
Nidaamka asaasiga ah si fiican ayaa loo horumariyaa. Digriiga waa la isku daraa ugu yaraan 10 baradho oo la doortay ayaa la sameeyaa kaynta kasta. Qadarka alaabta aan faa'iido doonka ahayn waa mid aad u yar.
Kala duwanaanshuhu waa mid aan hoos u dhicin inuu daryeelo waxaad xitaa beeran kartaa bannaanka aan la tashan. Mawduucyada macdanta quudinta ee la soo jeediyey iyo arrinka organic, waraabinta dhexdhexaadka ah iyo hilling la samaynta fijaanno badan. Si loo xakameeyo haramaha, isticmaal mulching.
Digriiga ugu horeeya waa la jari karaa bartamaha xagaaga, laakiin soosaarka ugu sareeya ee baradho wuxuu gaaraa dhammaadka xilli sii kordhaya (70-90 maalmood ka dib markaad degto). Waxyaabaha abuurka ahi maaha mid u nugul yahiin, isbeddel aan loo baahnayn. Baradhada beeraha soo socda ayaa la soo ururin karaa si madaxbannaan.
"Elizabeth" - noocyo kala duwan oo difaac wanaagsan leh. Baradhadu si aad ah ayey u saameysaa kansarka ama qolofka caadiga ah, duurka waxay u adkeysan karaan madow, nematode dahab ah oo cyst, iyo infakshannada fungal kala duwan. Cuntada dabiiciga ah waxaa sababi kara dushooda iyo digriiga, Fusarium iyo Verticillium, oo kale, Alternaria.
Baradhadu way ka duwan tahay dhadhanka dheelitiran ee miisaaman, iyada oo aan qallajin iyo biyo ka badan. Hilibka cad-cad oo aan cadeynin markaad goynaysid iyo karinta. Digriiga waa mid caalami ah, waa la kariyaa, la shiili karaa, laleeyaa, la kariyey. Khudaarta cagaaran waxay sameeyaan barafka french delicious, bataatiga la shiidey waa suuragal.
Asalka
"Elizabeth" - mid ka mid ah noocyada hore, oo ay soo saareen beeraha Ruushka. Loo diwaan geliyey Diiwaanka Gobolka ee Ruushka ee 1996. Waxaa loo qoondeeyey Waqooyiga, Waqooyi-Galbeed, Bartamaha, Volga-Vyatka, Waqooyiga Kawaska, Gobolada Bariga.
Beerista lagu taliyey ee beeraha isticmaalka warshadaha, beeraha iyo beeraleyda gaarka ah. Kala duwanaanshuhu wuxuu u nugul yahay nafaqada ciidda iyo heerarka qoyaanka.
Awoodda iyo tabar darrada
Tilmaamaha ugu muhiimsan ee kala duwan waxaa ka mid ah:
- dhadhanka fiican ee dalagyada xididada;
- dhalidda sare;
- universality of digriiga;
- tayada wax soo saarka wanaagsan;
- beergooyska waxaa loo kaydiyaa waqti dheer;
- iska caabinta cudurada waaweyn.
Dhibaatooyinka kala duwan ee aan la ogaan. Yield waxay kuxirantahay xaaladaha cimilada iyo qiimaha nafaqada ee carrada.
Jaantuska hoose waxaad ku barbar dhigi kartaa sifooyinka kala duwan ee Beeraha kala duwan noocyo kale oo hore hore by miisaanka digriiga iyo tayada haynta:
Magaca dugsiga | Cunto badan oo digriiga badeecadaha ah (grams) | Soo kabashada |
Elizabeth | 80-140 | 93% |
Meteor | 100-150 | 95% |
Minerva | 120-245 | 94% |
Kiranda | 92-175 | 95% |
Karatop | 60-100 | 97% |
Veneta | 67-95 | 87% |
Zhukovsky hore | 100-120 | 92-96% |
Riviera | 100-180 | 94% |
Noocyada sii kordhaya
Baradhadu waxay ku taliyeen dhulka qeybtii dambe ee Maymarka ciidda ay diirimaad ku filan tahay. Kala duwanaantu waxay qabtaa wax qaboojiye yar, laakiin barafku waa u dhib badan yahay. Waxyaabinta Beeraha waa la jaraa, ciidda si taxadar leh loo furfuray, kadibna waxaa lagu daaweeyaa xeryahooda jeermiska.
Baradhadu waxay jecel yihiin Astaamaha cagaaran ee ku saleysan. Humus Old iyo alwaax (sida caadiga ah bjørk) ayaa ka caawin doona kordhinta qiimaha nafaqada, waxaa lagu dhajiyay godad. Digriiga waxaa lagu beeray meel fog oo ah 35 cm oo dhexdhexaad ah oo ah ugu yaraan 70 cm. Mugdigu waa yar yahay, illaa 10 cm.
Kala duwanaanshuhu wuxuu u nugul yahay qiimaha nafaqada ee carrada. Wixii duurka xilli 2-3 jeer bacrimiyey maaddooyinka macdanta oo ku salaysan potassium ama magnesium. Bacriminta Ready-sameysan ayaa lagu beddeli karaa duufaan qasi ah ama shimbir daro.
Akhri wax dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan sida loo abuuro baradhada, goorta iyo sida loo dalbado bacrimin, sida loo sameeyo marka la beero.
Hubi in qoyaanku caadi u yahay inuu caawiyo Nidaamka waraabinta waraabka. Waxay ku badbaadin doontaa dhul duurka xagaaga qallalan. Haddii uu jiro xad-dhaaf ah qoyaan, carrada waxaa lagu rusheeyaa ash qoryo.
Waxaan ku siinaynaa wax faa'iido leh oo ku saabsan tiknoolajiyada Dutch, beerista noocyo hore iyo goosashada iyada oo aan la jarjarin iyo hilling.
Sidoo kale akhri wax dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan habka cowska, foostada, bacaha, sanduuqyada.
Baradho "Elizabeth" wuxuu abuuri karaa digriiga aad u ballaaran. Si kor loogu qaado kobcintooda, hal usbuuc ka hor inta aan la qodin, waxaad u baahan tahay inaad gooyo dusha sare. Ka dib goosashada, digriiga waxaa la qalajiyey xuduudda ama hoosteeda. Baradhada abuurka ayaa lagu doortaa marxaladda koritaanka, duurka waa in ay noqdaan kuwo hore loo calaamadeeyay. Ka dib markii la qodo, abuurka ayaa si gooni ah loo kaydiyaa.
Cudurada iyo cayayaanka
Kala duwan "Elizabeth" ku filan iska caabida cudurada caadiga ah Solanaceae: kansarka baradhada, nematode dahab ah oo dahab ah, qolal caadi ah. Marar dhif ah ayay saameeyeen madow, fayrasyo kala duwan, bakteeriya.
Sannadaha dabiiciga ah, infekshanka suurtogalka ah ee leh dabaylo goor dambe. Si looga hortago, waxaa lagu talinayaa in digriiga lagu daaweeyo ka hor beerto, iyo sidoo kale daaweyn hal mar ah ee duurka u leh diyaar garowga.
Xakamaynta Cayayaanka Warshadaha waxaa loo isticmaalaa si loo xakameeyo cayayaanka. Waxay aad u fiican yihiin baradho baradho ee Colorado, aphids, thrips, Baalallay baradho. Ka takhalus adeegsiga wireworm iyo caawinta Medvedka xalka carrada dilaaca jeermiska ama isbeddel wareega ah ee beeraha.
Iyada waa lagu kobcin karaa iibka ama bidixda isticmaalka shakhsi ahaaneed. Iyadoo daryeel ku haboon, baradho waxay ku faraxsanaan doonaan dhalidda, fududaan, tayada wanaagsan ee badeecooyinka xididka.
Waxaan sidoo kale soo jeedinaynaa in aad naftaada u baratid noocyo baradho oo leh shuruudo kala duwan:
Xilliga dhexe | Gaar ahaan hore | Xilliga bartamaha |
Vektor | Gingerbread Man | Weyn |
Mozart | Tale | Tuscany |
Sifra | Ilinsky | Yanka |
Dolphin | Lugovskoy | Lilac fog |
Crane | Santa | Furan |
Rogneda | Ivan da Shura | Rabo |
Lasock | Colombo | Santana | Aurora | Muuqaalka | Tafsiir | Skarb | Innovator | Alvar | Magician | Krone | Baaskiil |