Caleenta baradhada "Ramona" waa mid ka mid ah waqtiga la tijaabiyay, noocyo si fiican loo aasaasay ee xulashada Nederlandka.
Laga soo bilaabo 90s ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay, beeralayda baradho iyo hiwaayadda hiwaayadda waxay jecel yihiin dhadhanka, ilaalinta fiican iyo muuqaalka muuqaalka ee digriiga.
In this article waxaan soo ururiyey dhammaan macluumaadka ku saabsan baradho this - sharaxaad ka mid ah noocyada kala duwan iyo sifooyinka, gaar ahaan agrotechnics, u nugul cudurada iyo weerarka by cayayaanka.
Macluumaad guud
Noocaha asalka ah "Ramona" ("Romano") Shirkadda abuurka ee Holland AGRICO.
Sanadkii 1994, kala duwanaanta "Ramona" ayaa heshay code # 9552996 ee Diiwaanka Gobolka ee Ruushkaisaga oo xaq u siinaya in uu iibiyo abuurka dalka. Waxaa lagugula talinayaa beerista Bartamaha, Volga-Vyatka, gobollada koonfureed, gobolka Perm, ee Bariga Fog.
Baradhada "Ramona": sharaxaada kala duwan, sawir
"Ramona" xilli kala duwan. Wax-soosaarka alaabooyinka waaweyn ee la iibsado 80-100 maalmood ka dib markaad degto. Daawooyinka dusha sare waxay ku dhacaan 115-130 maalmood.
Shuruudaha Baaskiiladu waxay ku xiran yihiin tayada wax soo saarka, xaaladaha cimilada ee deegaanka beeraha.
Burburku waa ciriiri, kicin iyo dherer. Si dhakhso ah ayaa loo sameeyay. Dareemidu way sarreeysaa. Maadooyinka waa mid dhexdhexaad ah. Ubax waa casaan ama guduud. Corolla guduudan-guduudan, dhexdhexaad ah.
Digriiga casaan khafiif ah ee foomka oval wareega saxda ah, weyn iyo mid dhexdhexaad ah. Celceliska miisaanka ee tuber waa 70-90 g. Mid ka mid ah baadiyaha wuxuu keenaa 16-20 baradho, oo leh culeys dhan 7-8 kg. Bixinta badeecadaha 90-94%.
Cufan, xoog leh oo diirran oo midabkiisu casaado. Iyada oo qadar yar oo roobab ah, waxay noqonaysaa hoos u eg. Indhaha waxaa lagu dhajiyaa jirka ee tuber si qiyaasta celceliska. Indhuhu waa yar yihiin. Jidhku waa caddaan yahay shimbir shiidan, dhar qaro weyn.
Kala duwanaanta baradhada "Ramona" ayaa matalaya sawiradaan:
Sifooyinka dhaqaalaha
Astaamaha guud ee kala duwanaanta baradhada "Ramona":
- Noocyada magacaabida ee baradhada "Ramona". Kala duwan ee karinta. Jidhku waa mid jilicsan, maaha madoobayn ka dib marka la dubayo, karkariyo, qiiqa. Qiimeynta dhadhanka Diiwaanka ayaa ah 4.6-4.7 dhibcood oo leh shan dhibcood.
- Qodobka qallalan ee macaanka waa 16-18%.
- Noocyada kala duwan ee baradhada "Romana" ayaa ka badan kan caadiga ah - 14-17%.
- Heerka sare ee tayada haynta. Waqti dheer ma dhexeyso inta lagu jiro kaydinta. Foomamka 6-8 caleemaha.
- Ku adkeysiga dhaawaca inta lagu jiro nadiifinta, gaadiidka, kaydinta.
Akhriso wax dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan waqtiga iyo heerkulka kaydinta baradho, oo ku saabsan dhibaatooyinka soo baxa. Iyo sidoo kale ku saabsan sida loo keydiyo xididdada jiilaalka, sida loo sameeyo dukaanka khudradda, aqalka iyo maqaasiinka, balakoonka iyo sanduuqyada, qaboojiyaha iyo diirran.
Qiimaha iyo faa'iido darrada
Ciriiri dharka ganacsiga, midabka miro. Hagaajinta qiyaasta ciidda. Waxay u dulqaadaneysaa abaar. Gobollada koonfureed, noocyada kala duwan ee "Ramona" ayaa awood u leh in uu abuuro laba jeer. Ku habboon diyaarinta alaabta nadiifka ah ee la dhammeeyey, chips, iyo fries french.
Faa'iidooyinka waxaa ka mid ah soo-saarka asaasiga ah ee soo-saarka digriiga iyo soosaarka celceliska dhaqaale ee muhiimka ah ee alaabada la iibsado.
Cudurada iyo cayayaanka
- Waxay u nugul tahay nematode barad dahab ah.
- Xasaasiyadda kansarka barafka.
- Cadaadiska aadka u sareeya ee fayraska A, caleenta caleenta.
- Diidmada fayraska Yn.
- Cadaadiska dhexdhexaadka ah ee phytophthora ee digriiga, fusarium.
- Si xoog leh u adkaysata fayraska cursida caleenta, qolofka caadiga ah.
Akhri wax dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan dhirta barafka, Alternaria, verticillary wilt.
Baradhadu waxay u adkaysanayaan baradarka barafka Colorado iyo dirxiga, uma baahna tallaabooyin gaar ah oo looga hortago iyaga.
Features agrotehnika
Sida noocyo badan oo Dutch ah, u nugul yaheySidaa darteed, waxyaabaha abuurka ah ayaa si joogto ah loo cusbooneysiiyaa
Iyadoo cusboonaysiinta madaxbannaan ee stock ee digriiga beerto inta lagu jiro ubax, waxay u arkaan duurka ugu xoog badan, duurka ubax badan. Isticmaalka digriiga abuurka ah ee qaybta 35-55 mm ee beerto hektar ah waa 50,000 oo unug.
Ka hor inta beerto, digriiga waa la jarjaray, ku faafidda meel diiran oo diiran ilaa 3-4 toddobaad. Dhammaan digriiga waa inay noqdaan kuwo isku wada siman ugu yaraan 8 saacadood maalintii. Hoyga ayaa kor u qaada qoyaanka 85-90%.
Digriiga waaweyn waxaa la googooyaa mindi fiiqan oo lagu xareeyay xal adag oo potassium ah oo la soo gooyo maalinta ka hor laga beerto. Maadada looxa waxaa lagu doortaa sprouts 0.5-1 cm.
Beerto waxaa lagu sameeyaa ciidda kuleyliya ilaa + 15-20 ° S iyada oo nidaamkeedu yahay 60x35 cm. Digriiga digriiga waxaa la dhigaa sprouts ilaa, jarjar - hoos u jar.
Markaad kobcinaysid wareegga dalagga. Meelaha waaweyn, wax-soo-saarku wuxuu kordhi karaa ka dib marka la barbar-dhigo cawska, cowsals, miraayadaha, dalagyada xilliga qaboobaha, koolada, colza, phacelia, iyo kufsi.
Si loo hagaajiyo guryaha agrofisiga ee culus, carrada dhoobo ee qoyaanka dayrta, ku dar digriiga webiga, ash alwaax. Marka dib-u-digidda guga ka qayb qaadato amooniyam amase amooniyam, HOL (10 g / m²).
Iyadoo dhacdooyinka ugu dhow ee biyaha Ramon ay ka fiican tahay in laga beero daloolka. Tani waxay kordhin doontaa helitaanka oksijiinta nidaamka asaasiga ah, taas oo yaraynaysa guuldarada digriiga ee cudurada fungal.
Dhaqaaleyahani waxay ku talinayaan si ay u bar-tilmaameedyadii safafka soo degay bari iyo galbeed. Sidaas darteed baradhadu waxay helayaan qorrax dheeraad ah.
On loamy, carradu culus, digriiga waxaa lagu beeray godadka 6-8 cm oo qoto dheer ah oo qoto dheer ah oo qotodheer ku dhex jira ciidda qashinka ah, carradu carradu waa 8-10 cm Si looga hortago qalajinta digriiga meelaha ku hareeraysan cimilada cimilada ilaa 12-15 cm
"Ramona" ayaa inta badan saameeya nematode baradho. Si looga hortago cudurka iyo ilaalinta dirxiga wireworm, cockchafer, growers baradho ah waxay ku talinayaan in la saaro cantoobo toon ah, diirka basasha galay kasta oo kasta.
Wixii xilli-ciyaareedka oo dhan Ramone ilaa shan loo daboolayo baahida. Marka qolof ah ciidda ayaa la sameeyay, ka hor inta uusan soo bixin caleemaha, carrada ayaa si tartiib ah u jilicsan. Ku rid 2-3 jeer xagaaga xagaaga - gacanta ama gacan ka geysashada socodka gadaashiisa.
Noocyo baradhada "Ramona" foomamka digriiga iyo qoyaanka ciidda oo yar. Abaarta, hal mar oo waraabka ah inta u dhaxaysa safarka 7-10 maalmood waa ku filan. Mulching waxay gacan ka geysan doontaa in la ilaaliyo beerashada haramaha.
Si loo hagaajiyo tayada alaabta inta lagu jiro ubax, digriiga dillaacsan dhirta taageerada leh daawooyinka nitrogenous ama dabiiciga ah. Marka lagu buufinayo duurka marka la xirayo burooyinkeeda leh 0.05% xalal aqueous of copper sulfate, sulfuric acid, boric acid, dhalidda sii kordhaya by 8-10%.
Akhri wax dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan sida loo abuuro baradhada, waxa Bacriminta ay ka fiican yihiin, goorta iyo sida loo dalbado, sida loo sameeyo si sax ah markaad beerto.
Akhri maqaalo waxtar leh oo ku saabsan hababka ugu kala duwan ee baradhada sii kordhaya: tiknoolajiyada Dutch iyo daryeelka noocyada hore, sida loo helo dalag fiican oo aan jarid iyo hilling. Iyo sidoo kale farqiga u dhexeeya hababka noocan oo kale ah: ka yar caws, foosto, bacaha, sanduuqyada.
In kastoo celceliska waxsoosaarku, "Ramona" ayaa la qabsaday beeraha gudaha sababtoo ah qabsashada, dulqaadashada abaaraha, caabbinta cudurada wanaagsan iyo baradhada barafka ee Colorado, dhadhan fiican.
Ma dooneysaa inaad ogaato waxa ay tahay halis solanine ah ee baradhada, dalalka ay koraan inta badan khudraddan iyo sida loo jaangooyo geeddi-socodka ganacsi faa'iido leh? Akhri wax ku saabsan maqaaladayada.
