Kala duwanaanshaha baradho ah oo ay soo saareen hiddaha Holland ee Melody ayaa si guul leh ugu gudbay imtixaannada gobolka waxaana loo aqoonsan yahay inay yihiin noocyo kala duwan oo waxtar leh oo leh rajo wanaagsan.
Wakhti yar yar, wuxuu helay abaalmarino badan oo laga helay beeralayda baradhada gudaha, si guul leh loogu beeray dalal iyo gobolo kala duwan.
In this article waxaan kuu sheegi doonaa si faahfaahsan oo ku saabsan barafka kala duwan ee Melody, waxaan ku ogaan doonaa leh sifooyinka ay. Waxaad baran doontaa tiknoolojiyada beeraha ee baradhokan, cudurrada ay ku dhacdo iyo waxa cayayaanka noqon kara khatar.
Asalka
Milkiilaha iyo Mulkiilaha Patent ee kala duwan waa C.MEIJER B.V., oo ah shirkad si guul leh uga hawl gasha suuqa Ruushka ee baradhada abuurka muddo dheer. (Netherlands). Sanadkii 2009kii, noocyada kala duwan waxaa lagu soo gaabiyaa gobolka Central Region by Diiwaanka Gobolka ee Ruushka. Gudbiyay tijaabooyinka iyo diiwaangelinta Ukraine iyo Moldova.
Ka dib markii la goosanayay miraha ka soo iibsaday geedo waaweyn, waxaad markaa isticmaali kartaa abuurkaaga 1-2-3.
Si looga fogaado lumitaanka tayada varietal iyo caabuq ah ee digriiga qaba cudurada fayras, waxay bedelayaan goobta degsan 4-5 sano iyo cusbooneysi stock stock.
Baradhada Meliga: sharaxaad kala duwan
| Magaca dugsiga | Melody |
| Sifooyinka guud | beeraha xilliga caadiga ah ee taranka xoolaha Dutch |
| Wakhtiga uurka | 100-120 maalmood |
| Mawduucyada Starching | 11-17% |
| Dad badan oo digriiga ganacsiga ah | 95-180 gr |
| Tirada digriiga duurka | 7-11 |
| Yield | 176-335 c / ha |
| Tayada macaamilka | dhadhan wanaagsan, cunto karis weyn |
| Soo kabashada | 95% |
| Midabka maqaarka | Jaale |
| Midab daruuf | Jaale |
| Gobollada la doorbido | Bartamaha |
| Cadaadiska cudurada | kala duwan ayaa u adkaysata cudurkan kansarka baradho, nematode dahab ah oo baradho leh, dhoobo iyo xajmiga |
| Noocyada sii kordhaya | wuxuu si wanaagsan uga jawaabaa bacriminta iyo waraabinta |
| Asalka | C.MEIJER B.V. (Holland) |
Lagu sifeeyay sida srednepozdniy, goor dambe. Laga soo bilaabo beeritaanka si dhalid ganacsi - 100-120 maalmood. Dhexdhexaad dhexdhexaad ah oo dhexdhexaad ah oo leh dhexdhexaad ah oo leh llorescences casaan-guduud ah, caleemo waaweyn oo cagaaran oo leh caleen yar oo qallafsan.
Digriiga ovalaha leh maqaarka, jaalaha ah, maqaarka dib loo duubay miisaanka 95-180 g samee qaab isku dhafan, si habboon loo habeeyey, saldhigyo la isku habeeyey. Celceliska tirada digriiga ah ee ka yimid hal duur oo 7-11 gogo '. Indhuhu waa muuqaal, mid yar.
Noocyo kala duwan Cagaarshaha waxaa lagu gartaa heerkul aad u sarreeya - laga bilaabo 11% ilaa 17%. Digriiga leh qashinka huruudka ah waxaa lagu kala soocaa sifooyinka ugu sarreeya ee noocyada kala duwan ee xulashada Dutch-ka ee lagu keydiyay muddada kaydka oo dhan.
Akhri wax dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan heerkulka iyo kaydinta heerkulka baradho, dhibaatooyinka badanaa la is waydiiyo.Iyo sidoo kale ku saabsan sida loo kaydiyo baradho xilliga qaboobaha, jimicsiga iyo balakoonka, qaboojiyaha iyo diirran.
Waxay ka mid tahay noocyada miisaska miiska, loo isticmaalo diyaarinta tooska ah koorsooyinka koowaad, koorsooyinka labaad iyo wax soo saarka. Baradhadu si fiican ayey u karkaraan, saxarka inta lagu jiro daaweynta kulaylka ma madoobaado. Celceliska qallalan (oo aan ka yarayn 20.5%) ayaa kuu oggolaanaya inaad u isticmaasho wax soo saarka baradho la qalajiyey. Wixii qashin iyo chips karinta ma haboon yahay!
Sawir
Waxaad arki kartaa sawirrada baradhada sawirka:
Astaamaha
Iyadoo inta badan noocyo baradho ah ee xulashada Dutch "Melody" ayaa leh dhalid sare. Cuntada ugu badan ee ganacsiga ah ee lagu soo bandhigay tijaabooyin kala duwan oo ka jira gobolka Moscow 636 c / ha waxay dhaaftay heerka cabbirka ee noocyada Symphony, Nikulinsky.
Isugeynta celceliska badeecadda waa 176-335 c / ha (18-35 kg / 10 m²).
Waxaad isbarbardhigi kartaa wax soo saarka baradhada Serpanok kala noocyada kale ee miiska hoos ku qoran:
| Magaca dugsiga | Yield |
| Melody | 176-335 c / ha |
| Beauty | 400-450 c / ha |
| Vektor | 670 c / ha |
| Artemis | 220-350 c / ha |
| Yanka | ilaa 630 c / ha |
| Svitanok Kiev | ilaa 460 c / ha |
| Santana | 160-380 c / ha |
| Nevsky | 300-500 c / ha |
| Taisiya | ilaa 460 c / ha |
| Colomba | 220-420 c / ha |
| Lapot | 400-500 c / ha |
Kala duwanaanta baradhadu waxay ka mid tahay iibiyeyaasha ugu sarreeya sababtoo ah muuqaalkeeda aad u fiican, sicirka sare (85-95%), tayada ilaalinta (95% ama in ka badan), gaadiidka iyo iska caabinta maskaxda.
Awooda lagu hayn karo waa tayada muhiimka ah ee baradhada. Jadwalka hoose waxaad ku arki doontaa sifaha noocyada kala duwan:
| Magaca dugsiga | Xoqinimo |
| Melody | 95% |
| Timo | 96% |
| Arosa | 95% |
| Guga | 93% |
| Vineta | 87% |
| Impala | 95% |
| Zorachka | 96% |
| Kamensky | 97% |
| Latona | 90% |
| Lyubava | 98% |
| Nasiib wacan | 88-97% |
Tilmaamayaasha tuberadu waxay ka soo baxaan shuruudaha iibka xajmiga ah ee la mariyo iyo baakadaha. Xilliga hurdada waa muddo dheer - ilaa 8 bilood, taas oo kuu ogolaaneysa inaad ku kaydiso noocyo heeso ah illaa Juun iyadoon la jebin sprouts.
Agrotechnology
Guga ee mugga abuurka si taxadar leh loo hubiyo dhaawaca, calaamadaha cudurka. Dooro caafimaad leh, xitaa digriiga leh jajab ah ugu yaraan 3-7 cm.
Lupine
U hoggaansamida dalagga dalagga. Sideratami ee ugu wanaagsan waa lupin, kayn, cawska iyo sanadlaha, beeraha jiilaalka, digirta.
Baradhadu waxay u baahan yihiin dabacsanaan joogto ah, jaridda dhirta, waraabinta, hilling. Xitaa xagaaga oo qallalan, cawska ayaan ka tegin inta u dhaxaysa safarka si ay u xiiraan duurka baradho, iyadoo la isticmaalayo habka mulching. Iyada oo dabiiciga ah ee deriska cagaaran, tirada digriiga ee cayayaanka ayaa si weyn loo yareyn karaa.
Kala duwanaanshuhu wuxuu dalbanayaa u hoggaansamida hababka qashin-qubka:
- Xilliga dayrta, qodaya aagga si wadajir ah oo lagu daro 3-4 cm carrada bacrin ah iyo hirgelinta compost ama humus at heerka of 4.5-5 kg / 1 m². Wixii carradu culus, lakabka bacriminta ee ka yar 30 cm, isticmaalka dharka ugu sarreeya wuxuu kordhiyaa 9 kg / m².
- Markaad si toos ah ugu adeegsanayso digada duurka, suurtagalnimada dhaawaca tuberku wuu kordhaa. In beerta xilliga dayrta, potash iyo Bacriminta fosfate waxaa lagu dhaqmaa si aad ah.
- Hawlaha xilliga guga waxay ka kooban yihiin qashin, 16-20 g / m² xayawaanka cayayaanka, ama 25 g / m² xayawaanka la gooyey ee amooniyam ama ammonium sulfate.
Akhri wax dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan sida loo abuuro baradhada, goorta iyo sida loo dalbado bacrimin, sida loo sameeyo marka la beero.
Marka la beero, waa in lagu dhajiyo maskaxda in muddada tuberization iyo kobaca firfircooni ay la jaanqaadaan marka ugu sarreysa cudurka ciribtirka goor dambe. Wixii ka hortagga ee abuurka waxaa lagu daaweeyaa diyaar garow gaar ah.
Goynta waxay bilaabmaysaa ka dib marka la qalajiyo iyo sameynta diirka dhuuban ee digriiga.
Beerashada beeraha ee baradho ayaa laga yaabaa inay ka duwan tahay. Akhri dhammaan wixii ku saabsan teknoolajiyada Hollandka, oo ku saabsan beerista noocyo hore, ku saabsan helitaanka dalagga iyada oo aan la jarjarin iyo hilling, oo ku saabsan gogol-xakameynta ganacsi.Iyo sidoo kale hababka xiisaha leh sida sii kordhaya caws, bacaha, foosto, sanduuqyada.
Cudurada iyo cayayaanka
Muuqaal laga sameeyey
- Kansarka baradho by my pathotype I;
- cyst-formation nematode baradhada dahabka;
- madoollo la isku qurxiyo oo la isku qurxiyo;
- qolof;
- Risocontia;
- lugta madow.
Marka la eego ciqaabta dambe ee dhalada iyo digriiga (Ro1-Ro4), noocyada Y-fayras ayaa muujinaya iska caabin dhexdhexaad ah. Sidoo kale akhri ku saabsan Alternaria, Fusarium iyo Verticillis ee baradhada.
Sida cayayaanka, dhibaatada ugu weyni waa sida caadiga ah Xayawaanka Colorado iyo dirxiga, aboorka baradhada, wireworms, iyo dhirta.
On our site waxaad ka heli doontaa articles faahfaahsan oo ku saabsan sida loo maareeyo cayayaanka waxyeello leh:
- Sidee looga takhalusaa wireworm ee beerta.
- Kiimikooyinka iyo hababka dadweynaha ee ka dhanka ah daawada.
- Maxaa ka caawin doona dagaalka ka dhanka ah baradho baradho Colorado: kiimikada iyo hababka dad.
- Waxaan soo saarnaa baraha baradhada: qaybta 1 iyo qaybta 2.
Baradhada "Melody" - hal darajo dheeraad ah oo ka soo jeeda khadad aad u heer sare leh oo miro leh oo ka mid ah doorashada Dutch. Dhadhanka sare iyo tayada macaamilka, bandhig bandhig ah, fudaydka gaadiidka, kaydinta iyo iibinta horay u sii iibinta ayaa ka dhigtay beeralayda guriga.
Hoos waxaa ku qoran mowduucyada kala duwan ee ku saabsan noocyada baradho ah ee kudheerta waqtiyada kala duwan:
| Xilliga dhexe | Gaar ahaan hore | Dhaqdhaqaaqa-dillaac |
| Aurora | Prince Black | Nikulinsky |
| Skarb | Nevsky | Asterix |
| Dareemo | Jacayl | Cardinal |
| Ryabinushka | Rabbi ee isdhaafka | Kiwi |
| Blueness | Ramos | Slavyanka |
| Zhuravinka | Taisiya | Rocco |
| Lasock | Lapot | Ivan da Marya | Magician | Caprice | Picasso |
