Laga soo bilaabo noocyo kala duwan oo tamaandhir ah loo soo bandhigay inuu bannaanka u, kala duwan Katyusha F1 u taagan for astaamahan cajiib ah sida iska caabiya xaaladaha cimilada xun. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tani ma aha faa'iido kaliya. Iyada oo sharaxaad ka mid ah sifooyinka kale duwan ee kala duwan, waxaan hadda akhri.
Tilmaanta iyo taariikhda taranta
"Katyusha F1" waxaa loola jeedaa bacriminta jiilka kowaad. Kala duwanaanshaha ayaa lagu daray diiwaanka komishanka amniga ee dalka Russia sannadkii 2007. Qorayaasha kala duwan ee kala ah Borisov A.V., Skachko V.A., Stocked V.M., Zhemchugov D.V; asalkiisu waa cagaarshowga cagaarka iyo shinnida laga diiwaangeliyey gobolka Moscow.
Ma taqaanaa? Karl Linney oo u dhashay dalka Iswiidan ayaa siiyay tamaandhka magaca cilmi-baarista Solanum lycopersicum, taas oo macnaheedu yahay boorash. Aztecs ayaa ugu yeeray "yaanyo", kaas oo luuqadaha Yurubta loo beddelay "yaanyo".
Buundooyinka
Warshad of this hybrid waa qancin, taas oo ah, koritaanka xadidan. Kuurku wuu gaaban yahay, wuxuu koraa 80 cm, laakiin wuxuu ku kori karaa korriin ilaa 1.3 mitir oo dherer ah. Loo kobciyo hal asliga ah. Caleenta baadiyaha waa cagaar iyo mid dhexdhexaad ah.
Miraha
Ploskookrugly midabka midabkiisu midabkiisu kala duwan yahay. Miisaankiisu waa celcelis ahaan qiyaas ahaan 90-180 g, laakiin waxay gaari kartaa in ka badan 300 g. Dhadhanka midhaha ayaa lagu tilmaamaa mid wanaagsan oo xitaa aad u fiican. Waxay ka kooban tahay 4.8% qalalan oo macaan iyo 2.9% sonkorta.
Ma taqaanaa? In duurka, yaanyo ku koraa koonfurta America. Midhaha dhirta dhirta noocan oo kale ah kuma miisaamaan wax ka badan gram.
Noocyada kala duwan
Katyusha F1 waa kala duwan tahay. Sida laga soo xigtay diiwaanka Hay'adda Miisaaniyadda Dawladda Federaalka ee "Guddiga Xuduudaha Dawladda", waxaa loo ogolaaday beeritaanka Central Chernozem iyo Faraha Bariga ee Ruushka. Waxaa loo ogolyahay inay koraan dhulka iyo furayaasha. Beelahaasi waxay u adkaystaan kuleylka iyo abaaraha, laakiin isla markaaba waxay u dulqaadaneysaa si fiican biyaha. Wax-soo-saarka, iyadoo ku xiran xaaladaha cimilada, waxay u dhaxeysaa 160-530 kg / ha. Isla mar ahaantaana, soosaarka miraha ganacsiga wuxuu ka yimid 65% ilaa 87%. Beerta waxaa laga goostay hal mitir oo laba jibbaaran ilaa 10 kg oo yaanyo ah "Katyusha F1" markaad iyaga ku korinayso dhul furan. In lagu koriyo, waxaad ka heli kartaa ilaa 16 kg oo miro ah 1 square. M. Gaadiidka iyo ilaalinta tayada miraha waa wanaagsan. Waxay ku habboon yihiin isticmaalka cusub iyo cabitaanka casiir. Laakiin isticmaal yaanyadaas iyo noocyada kala duwan ee ilaalinta.
Awoodda iyo tabar darrada
Hybrid "Katyusha F1" looma diidin faa'iidooyinka. Gaar ahaan, kuwani waa:
- caabbinta cimilada kulul iyo roobabka;
- dhadhan fiican ee midhaha;
- maqnaanshaha cagaaran, aamusnaan leh meel u dhow asliga ah;
- gaadiidka wanaagsan iyo ilaalinta tayada;
- iska caabinta cudurada iyo cayayaanka.
Ma jiraan wax cillad ah oo loo yaqaan "hybrid". Maaha sida fiican ee ka mid ah Beelaha kale, laakiin waxa ka badan in la soo furtay sifooyinka wanaagsan.Noocyada kala duwan ayaa sidoo kale loo saari karaa yaanyo "De Barao", "Shuttle", "Klusha" iyo "Canabka Faransiiska".
Tilmaamaha soo saarista
Qiyaastii laba bilood ka hor beerashada dhulka u furan, abuurka yaanyo waxaa lagu beeray weel si loo helo geedo. Qoto-dheeraynta - wax ka badan 5 mm. Marka sprouts foomka laba caleemo, sprouts roonaan. Goobta furan, geedo waxaa la beeray ka dib markii hanjabaadda dhaxan ayaa ka gudbay. Waxaa lagu talinayaa in lagu beero 4 duurka halkii mitir laba jibbaar sida ku xusan qorshaha 50x50 ama 70x30.
Waa muhiim! Marka lagu beero geedo, waxaa lagula talinayaa in la saaro dhowr granules of daroogada dawada god kasta oo beerto.
Sida loo daryeelo fasalka
Daryeelka "Katyusha F1" maaha mid adag. Noocyada kala duwan ee baahida loo qabo, laakiin waraabin badan. Waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in si joogto ah u burburin haramaha, kabudhig ciidda agagaarka duurka iyo qaadashada quudinta. Sida dharka ugu sareeya u isticmaal labada Bacriminta macdanta, iyo organic. Labbiska ugu horeeya waxaa la sameeyaa hal usbuuc ka dib markaad dhoofinaysid. In toban litir oo biyo ah walaaqo 0.5 litir oo digo ah lo'da iyo hal qaado oo ah nitrophoska. On hal baadiyaha u baahan doonaa 1 litir oo xal this.
Marka burushka ubaxa labaad ee tamaandhada la kala diro, wakhtiga quudinta labaad ayaa imanaya. Wixii iyada ah, diyaariso xal sida soo socota soo socda: 0.5 litir oo digada digaag, qaado oo ah superphosphate iyo shaaha a of potassium sulfate waxaa lagu kala diraa 10 litir oo biyo ah. Isticmaal nus litir oo ah dareeraha ka soo baxa mid ka mid ah baadiyaha yaanyada. Inta lagu jiro muddada uu burushka ubaxa ee saddexaad loo sameeyay, tamaandhada waxaa lagu quudin karaa xal loo diyaariyo xisaabinta: miisaanka qamiis ee potassium humate iyo nitrophoska 10 litir oo biyo ah. Heerka isticmaalka waa shan litir oo isku dhafan oo mitir labajibbaaran oo wareeg ah.
Waa muhiim! Boogu ma aha oo keliya in la iska qaado nafaqooyinka ka yaanyo, laakiin sidoo kale inta badan waa ilaha cudurada kala duwan.
Cudurada iyo cayayaanka
Sida Beelaha oo dhan, "Katyusha F1" waxay u adkaysatay cudurada saameynaya yaanyada; gaar ahaan, sida fayraska sigaarka, tubaakada, fusarium. Laakiin si loo yareeyo khatarta cudurada, weli waxaa lagula talinayaa in ay qaadaan tallaabooyin ka hortag ah - ku buufin duurka u diyaargarow haboon. Kala duwanaantan ayaa sidoo kale lagu soo weerari karaa cayayaanka, tusaale ahaan, kuwa lamid ah ee kedar, wireworms, baradhada baradhada barafka, barafka, iwm. Insecticides iyo bayoolojiyada kala duwan ayaa loo isticmaalaa si loo xakameeyo.
Laga soo bilaabo cayayaanka qaar ka mid ah waxay ka caawisaa beeritaanka dhirrada qaarkood agagaarka wareegga goobta oo leh yaanyo. Tusaale ahaan, waxaa la aaminsan yahay in marigolds deter Medvedka, iyo calendula waxay ka caawisaa in laga takhaluso qaadashada. Soo koobid, waxaa la ogaan karaa in "Katyusha F1" ay aad ugu fiicantahay koritaanka noocyada kala duwan. Waxay si fiican u hor istaagtaa cayayaanka cimilada, uma baahna daryeel adag, waxay u adkaysatay cudurrada, iyo miro-dhadhanka wanaagsan.
