In beerta casri ah, abuuray by technology ugu dambeeyey ee beeraha, waxaa jira had iyo jeer meel loogu talagalay isteroberi waaweyn-fruited. Waxay aad ugu fiicanyihiin wax-soo-saarka beereed ee waxtarka leh, oo loogu talagalay in sare loo qaado wax-soosaarka wanaagsan ee tayo wanaagsan leh, dhadhan fiican leh.
Mid ka mid ah noocyada kuwaas oo bannaanka u yihiin inta badan xiiso leh waa kala duwan ee kala duwan Bere Russkaya. Tani waa wakiil cad oo ka mid ah qoyska oo dhan noocyo isteroberi ah, magaca kaas oo ku jira erayga Faransiiska "Bere".
Dhammaantood waxay ku midoobeen hal calaamad aasaasi ah - shucaac ka yimaadda qashir dhuunta afka (erayga Faransiiska ah wuxuu u tarjumayaa "subagga").
Waa noocee?
Pear Bere Russkaya waxaa loola jeedaa ilaa xilliga dayrta-xilliga qaboobaha. Sida laga soo xigtay taariikhda nafleyda, daaqsinka miraha, oo u oggolaanaya in laga saaro geedkii, waxay dhacdaa qiyaastii bartamihii Sebtembar.
Waa in la ogaadaa in midhaha noocyada kala duwan, iyo sidoo kale noocyo kale oo dambe, laguma talinayo in laga saaro waqti hore mudada cayiman. Khabiiradu waxay ku taliyaan in ay siiyaan miro si ay u bislaadaan geedka.
Haddii kale, waxaa jira halis ah in lumiyo dhadhanka. By habka, isteroberi u bislaaday si toos ah u dhuujin kartaa laamaha ilaa ilaa daqiiqad raritaanka, waa in aadan walwal lahayn - wuxuu si fiican ugu dhejiyaa geed.
Sida loogu talagalay qaangaadhka macaamilka - muddada ay isdabajoogu hayso xaaladaha dhadhanka iyo badeecadaha, iyo sidoo kale suurtogalnimada in ay cunaan cunto, waxay u laga bilaabo Oktoobar ilaa dhammaadka Janaayo.
Wixii jiilaalka xilliga jiilaalka waxaa ka mid ah pears January, Yakovlevskaya, Chudesnitsa, Fairy, Nike.
Marka la eego mabda'a bacriminta, noocyada Bere Russkaya waa mid caadi ah warshad miro khudradeed oo iskiis ah. Qaybtani waxay ka kooban tahay dalagyada beerta, kuwaas oo si aan macquul u aheyn iskood u goynta manka.
Sidaa darteed, bacriminta caadiga ah, warshad noocan oo kale ah waxay u baahan tahay pollinators external - dhirta pear ah ee noocyo kale, kuwaas oo Bloom ee isla muddada geedkii pollinated.
Pear Tani waa miiska cuntada macmacaanka kala duwan.
Taariikhda dhalashada iyo taranta gobolka
Bere Russkaya kala duwan waa pear Doorashada Voronezh. Waxa la gooyay saldhigga sayniska iyo taranka Saldhigga Rossoshanskoy miro iyo berry tijaabo ah (Rossosh, Voronezh).
Qoraaga ah noocyo kala duwan oo pear cusub ayaa noqday Anna Mikhailovna Ulyanischeva - dhalatada caanka ah ee caanka ah.
Tan iyo sannadkii 50aad ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay, waxay sii waday hawshii aabaheed iyo mentor, aasaasihii saldhigga Rossoshansky, Khabiirka Beeraha Beeraha Mikhail Mikhailovich Ulyanischev, oo ay ku jiraan daraasad cusub oo ah tufaax cusub iyo noocyo kala duwan oo laga sameeyey dalka Voronezh.
Si aad u hesho Bere Russkaya leh asalkiisa asalka ah, qoraaga ee novelty ka gudbay noocyada "jiilka" Michurin kala duwan. Bisha Jiilaalka Michurina (hadda by pear this ayaa lumay qiimaha wax soo saarka oo ku hadhay oo kaliya in jardiinooyin jir ah) leh kala duwan ee dayrta ee Belgian Forest Beauty.
Labada dhaqan ee labada waalidba leh dhalidda sare, hardiness jiilaalka wanaagsan iyo dulqaad abaarta, taas oo aad muhiim ugu ah taranta taranta gobollada Ruushka leh cimilada xasaasiga ah.
Waxyaabaha sareeya waxaa sidoo kale lagu muujiyey Cathedral, Rossoshanskaya qurux, quruxda Orlovskaya, Dayrta Yakovleva, Lyubimitsa Yakovleva.
Sanadkii 1984, noocyo kala duwan oo pear ah ayaa loo direy imtixaannada kala duwan ee Gobolka. Bound "Bere Russkaya" by Gobolka Central Black Earth iyo Rostov.
Bere Russkaya sharaxaad kala duwan
Pear Tani waxay leedahay gaar ah oo gaar ah iyo qaab dhismeed gaar ah. "Portrait" ee "Bere Russkoy" waa sida soo socota:
Geed
Celceliska geedka ayaa ka duwan qiyaas dhexdhexaad ah. Midabka jilicsan ee daboolaya asliga ah ee dhirta ayaa noqon kara midab ama midab khafiif ah.
Crown, laamo. Qofka qaangaarka ah wuxuu leeyahay ballaaran, pyramidal top.
Laamaha qalfoofka ah ee qaangaadhka ah waxay helayaan midab khafiif ah oo bunni ah. Cufnaanta taajka waxaa lagu gartaa cufnaanta dhexdhexaadka ama hooseeya.
Caleemaha. Dhumuc dhexdhexaad ah, caleemaha toosan ayaa lagu kala gooyay aag yar. On caleemaha kuwaas oo leh horno-brownish-brown, waxaa jira qaar pubescence ah.
Waxay daboolan yihiin marar dhif ah, silsilado yaryar. Buds on caleemaha si fiican u soo tooseen. Pear Fruiting waxay ku dhacdaa kolchatka.
Leaves. Caleemuhu waa yar yihiin. Foomka ay u eg yihiin ukunta, dushooda ayaa lagu tilmaamay. Xaashida yar ee "Bere Russkaya" waxaa lagu gartaa matag, oo aan ku dhowaad dhalaal lahayn, dusha sare waa midab madow oo leh midab, oo leh qalbi buluug ah oo dabiici ah. Leaves waxaa lagu hayaa geedka iyadoo loo marayo caarado dhexdhexaad ah iyo dhuuban.
Inflorescences Ubax ayaa ka soo baxaya burooyinkeeda, iyagoo leh midab cad iyo casaan. Celceliska ubaxa caleen-qaabeeya leh qurux cad quruxsan waa mid yar oo size iyo caraf udgoon leh.
Ubaxyo dhowr ah ayaa lagu ururiyaa dallad-qaabaysan, burush dhexdhexaad ah. Wixii pears Bere Russkaya lagu gartaa by ubax hore.
Miraha
Tirada pears ee fasalkan ayaa isbedbeddelaya dhexdhexaad ilaa weyn.
Sida caadiga ah, tirada guud ee uurjiifka wax ka yar 140 g, miisaanka ugu sarreeya waxaa laga diiwaan geliyey qiyaastii 200 g. Miraha waxay ku wareegsan yihiin shuban.
Cufan, oo leh duufaan cad oo diirka ah ayaa badanaa lagu daboolaa nabarrada cufan.
Midabka ugu weyn ee pear bislaado waa dahab dahab ah, on qayb ka mid ah midhaha ah waa guduud mugdi ah guduudan. Waxaa jira lakabyo yar yar oo la dareemi karo oo yar yar.
Cadaan leh shimbir shiidan, saxarada ayaa lagu gartaa jilicsanaan, jilicsan oo hodan ah iyo saliid aad u badan. Abuurka miraha waa weyn, midab madow.
Miraha ku hay laaqa on miro sreddlinnye afkoda. Racfaan muuqaal oo khabiiro ah qiyaastii 4.8 dhibcood (qiyaasta 5-dhibcood).
Sawir
Astaamaha
Marka la eego heerarka xakameynta (da'da geedka miro marka uu bilaabmayo inuu midho dhalo), kala duwanaanta Bere Russkaya waxa loola jeedaa Noocyo dhexdhexaad ah. Geedkii ugu horreeyay ee soo go'ay wuxuu bilaabaa inuu bixiyo da'da 6-7 sano.
Waa in maskaxda lagu hayaa in mawduucani yahay dabeecadda geedkii koray Central Chernozem gobolka beeraha. Marka la beero noocyo kala duwan oo leh xaalado jawi kala duwan, qadarinta Bere Russkaya ayaa isbedeli kara.
Gobolkan, noocyada ayaa si wanaagsan u shaqeynaya: Hera, Carmen, Marble iyo Lada.
In jardiinooyin ah ee "hooyo", dhirta of noocyo this kala duwan dhalid wanaagsan. Isugeynta celceliskani waa heerka heerka 155-157 oo ka mid ah hal hektar.
Gaar ahaan xilliyada wanaagsan, dhalidda waxay noqon kartaa waqti badan marar badan, kiis kasta, celceliska ugu badan waxaa laga diiwaan geliyay qiyaastii 598 sentikar halkii hektar.
Faa'iidada cad ee pear this waa joogto ah santuuqda sare.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dareen gaar ah, yaraanta Bere Russkaya waxay noqon kartaa caqabad si loo gaaro wax soo saarka ugu badan. heerka dhexdhexaad ah ee jiilaalka.
Geed uma dulqaadanayo dhaxan si aad u wanaagsan gobolka -30 - -32 ° Staas oo aan ka ahayn mid aan caadi ahayn ee bartamaha Russia. Sidaa darteed, bannaanka u beeray noocyo kala duwan, ku talin inaad qaaddo tallaabooyin kulul.
Dhirta degdeg ah inta lagu jiro ubax ee isteroberi ah ayaa khatar ah.
Gaar ahaan, bilawgii May 1999-kii, gobolka Voronezh, oo leh hoos udhaca heerkulka ilaa -5 ° C, 100% oo barafoobaya ee inflorescences ayaa la duubay.
Haddii beeralayda si joogta ah oo si sax ah u fuliyo dhammaan tallaabooyinka badbaadinta lagama maarmaanka ah, wuxuu si ammaan ah u qorsheyn karaa cabirka warshad ee beerista miraha miraha this.
Tani, gaar ahaan, waxay gacan ka geystaan maqaarka ba'an ee adag, sababtuna waa miraha waxaa lagu kaydin karaa tiro badan oo wakhti dheer ah oo ammaan ahna loo geyn karo suuqyada.
Noocyada kala duwan ee qaboobaha jiilaalka-adag waxaa ka mid ah: Bere Bosk, Duchess, Northerner, Samara Beauty, Walaac Muuqaal.
Dadaal iyo dhadhan macaan iyo dhadhan oo miro yar leh (4.8 dhibcood oo dhadhan ah).
Waxyaabaha kiimikada ee pear:
| Nidaamka | Tirada |
|---|---|
| Sahara | 10,7% |
| Acids titrated | 0,25% |
| Ascorbic acid | 10.5 mg / 100 g |
Beerto iyo daryeel
Muhiimadda weyn ee beerashada guuleysiga iyo dhiig-miirashada geedku waa beeritaanka. Si loo ilaaliyo goosashada mustaqbalka ee pears goor dambe oo dhaxan, laga bilaabo bartamihii-dayrta, doorashada ee qayb beerta ah beerta can.
Iyada oo la socoto qodobkan, dhulku waa in uu si qoto dheer u iftiimiyo iftiinka qorraxda oo aan dhulka hoostiisa ku jirin.
Si loo baabi'iyo khatarta ka iman karta nidaamka xididka, waxaa lagula talinayaa in ay abaabulaan caanaha ciidda ee aagga goobta seedling.
Meelaha la doortay ee qodaya godadka dhulka qiyaastii 1 m qoto dheer iyo 65-70 cm dhexroor. In daloolka keentay waxaa lagu shubay baaldi biyo ah kaas oo la kala diri 2 koob oo ah lime-fluff. Ka hor maalinta maalinta beerto, godadka waa in laga tagaa ugu yaraan hal usbuuc.
Dhirta Beeraha waxaa loo fuliyaa si ka dib markii ay buuxsamayso nidaamka xididka dhulka (ciidda ka hor inta lagu daro humus (2 baaldiyo), ciid (2 baaldiyo) iyo galaas ah superphosphate) qoorta xididka ka soo baxa ciidda ilaa height ah 5-7 cm.
Ka dibna ku dheeh dheriga waraabiyo 2-3 baaldiyo biyo iyo mulch lakabka ah ee humus qalalan iyo dhadday.
Daryeelka geedka ee tartanka ah ayaa muujinaya waraabinta joogtada ah dhirta, dabacsanaanta beerta ku dhow, manjooyin laamood aad u dheer, daaweynta cudurada suurtagalka ah.
Fiiri talooyin fiidiyow oo faa iidaysan oo farsamooyinka beeraha ah
Cudurada iyo cayayaanka
Bere Russkaya kala duwan ayaa muujinaya caabbinta sare ee kalluunka budada ah iyo qolof.
Baro dhammaan cudurrada pear: Bakteeriyada gubta, //selo.guru/ptitsa/bolezni-p/gribkovye/parsha.html, Rust.
Si kastaba ha noqotee, xilliyada epiphytotic, marka ay jirto jirdheer ballaaran oo cudurro fangas ah oo ku saabsan geedo midho leh, noocyada la tilmaamay ayaa laga yaabaa inay saameeyeen Septoria.
Septoria - Cudurrada fungal caadi ah ee isteroberi. Marka uu ku guuleysto geedka, dhibco badan oo caan ah ayaa ka muuqda caleemaha, sababtoo ah taas oo cudurkan uu helay magaca labaad - caddaan cad.
Badanaa dhibco xanuun badan ayaa soo baxaan tobanka sano ee la soo dhaafay ee May - bilowga Juun.
Haddii aadan ka hortagin horumarinta cudurka, waxay keenaysaa in horay loo dhaco caleemaha iyo wiiqa geedka. Sidaa darteed, awoodda geedka si looga hortago barafku wuu sii xumaanayaa.
Haddii aan la qaadin tallaabooyin ka hortag ah waqtigii loogu talagalay, oo infekshanku dhacay, koofiyadu waa inay bilaabaan inay bogsadaan sida ugu dhakhsaha badan.
Si arrintan loo sameeyo, dhirta iyo ciidda waxaa lagu buufin karaa nitrafen (300 g 10 litir oo biyo ah). Tani waa in la sameeyaa guga hore, xitaa ka hor inta aan ubbooyinku bilaabaan inay ubaxdo.
Iyadoo la raacayo shuruud adag oo dhan shuruudaha agrotechnical, Bere Russkaya kala duwan ayaa siin doona ninkii beerta ka shaqaynayay oo tayo wanaagsan leh oo macmiil u leh dhadhan fiican.
