Dhirta tufaaxa Orlovskoye Polesye waxay suurtogal u tahay in lagu kobciyo raashinka jiilaalka leh miraha dhadhan fiican leh oo qurux badan leh oo leh jilicsanaan, jilicsan.
Dhabarkooda "dhabannada" waxay u muuqdaan kuwo soo jiidasho leh oo aanad beeraha beeraha oo idil kor u qaadi doonin gacanta si ay u beeraan dalagyo casiir, macaan, marshmallow ama cider.
Waa noocee?
Dhirta Apple "Orlovskoye Polesie" - oo leh miraha quruxda badan, jiilaalka jiilaalka iyo midho badan wakiillada kala duwan ee xilliga jiilaalka iyada oo difaacooda u gaar ah loo mariyo jiritaanka maskaxda.
Cadaadiska cudurada ugu weyn ee dhaqanka wuxuu bixiyaa qanjirka Vf. Kala duwanaanshaha qayb ahaan waa mid iskeed isu-pollinating, adkaysi u ah ilaalinta sifooyinka dhaxalka.
Muddo afar sano ah, noocyada kala duwan ayaa lagu tijaabiyay xaaladaha Bartamaha, Nizhnevolzhsky, Chernozem. Diiwaangelinta diiwaanka Gobolka ee diiwangelin tan iyo 2002.
Kaydinta
Tufaaxa kala duwan ee Orlovskoye Polesye ayaa leh tayada ilaalinta wanaagsan.
Nolosha khudrada ah ee miro ayaa la kordhin karaa illaa Janaayo, haddii ay si dhakhso ah ugu qaadaan qolalka qaboojiyaha khaas ah oo leh habka kumbuyuutarrada ka dib marka laga saaro.
Noocyada soo socda ayaa sidoo kale leh tayo ilaalin wanaagsan: Chudny, Malt Bagaevsky, Kandil Orlovsky, Moscow Late iyo Young Physician.
Konteynar saarista tufaax gudaha saldhigyada qaboojinta:
- balaastiig leh godadka hawo galka oo dhan oo dhan ee weelka,
- alwaax (oo ka samaysan noocyo aan cufan lahayn oo alwaax ah).
Sharaxaad kala duwan Orlovskoye Polesye
Astaamaha caadiga ah ee geedaha qaangaarka ah:
- celceliska dhirta geedka
- taajajin aan lahayn
- noocyo laamo ah ayaa leh qaab muuqaal ah.
Goobta laanta ugu muhiimsan ee la xidhiidha jirridda ayaa ku dhow dakhliga. Laamuhu way toosan yihiin, caleemaha ayaa kor loo qaaday. Jilifku waa siman yahay, jir iyo lignified caleemaha midabka casaan diiran.
Miraha waxaa lagu dhajiyaa lakabka fudud oo adag.
Koraaya caleemaha brownish yar yar pubescent, qaadan qaabka dillaacsan, brown ee qaybta iskutallaabta. Qaab dhismeedka casriga ah ee burooyinkeeda yar oo yar oo ku dhow caleemaha.
Cagaar mug leh oo leh cawlaan buluug ah caleemaha waa ukunta-qaabeeya.
Melkopilchatye hareeraha, iyada oo dillaacan dusha sare ee taabashada, ku lifaaqan laamaha la barbaariyey petioles gaaban.
Hal meel wuxuu kobciyaa dhowr ugxan oo caws ah. Bilowga pinkish, waxay si tartiib tartiib ah u iftiimay casaan cas.
Ubaxyada la furay waa kuwo wada degan, oo leh dabacado xaraar ah.
Antherh ayaa ka hooseeya stigmas, pistils column fused, aan la jarjarey.
Miraha la qalajiyay waa qaab dhalaalaya, ballaadhan, qaab-qoton-qashin ah. Inta badan tufaaxa diyaar u ah miro miisaankoodu yahay 130-140 g mid kasta. Jarjeexan oo dherer ah, oo leh dhexdhexaad khafiif ah oo dhexdhexaad ah iyo koob la xiray. Foornada Furrowed waxay leedahay cabbir yar.
Seeds waa bunni, oo ku yaalla qolalka xiran.
Tufaaxa waxaa lagu hayaa geed ku yaalla dabaq yar. Heerka qaangaarka ah, cirifka miro ayaa ah mid aad u iftiimaya, wax yar oo saliid ah. Midabku waa mid cagaaran-jaalaha ah oo leh faafin fara badan oo kala duwan oo ka mid ah miro yar oo casaan ama casaan-cadaan ah iyo lakab fudud.
In midabka saxarada ayaa si cad ujooga madow. Dhadhamin macaan, macaan iyo dhanaan.
Noocyada noocan oo kale ah waxaa soo bandhigay noocyo kala duwan Molodyozhny, Aromatny, Silver Hoof, Belfleur-Kitaika iyo Bolotovsky.
Casiirka miro ayaa sarreeya. Marka la eego nidaamka shan-dhibcood, tayada dhadhanka ah ee tufaaxa Orlovskoye Polesye ayaa helay qiyaastii 4.3.
Astaamaha kiimikada ee midhaha:
- Waxyaabaha sonkorta leh: 8.2%.
- Asaasaha xanniban: 0,78%.
- Ascorbic: 7.9 mg.
- Maadooyinka firfircoon: 342 mg.
Sawir
Sawirrada noocyada miro ee tufaaxa "Orlovskoye Polesie":
Taariikhda la qabsiga
Markii ugu horeysay, geedo of Orlovsky Polesie waxaa la koray 1979, by beero abuurka ah ee miro sanadkii hore ee geed hooyada 814, kaas oo loo geystay pollen lacag la'aan ah, dhulka.
Fruiting nuqulada koowaad ee kala duwanaanta cusub ayaa yimid 11 sano kadib - sannadkii 1990. Shaqada koraya ee Orlovsky Polesie waxaa sameeyay: V.V. Zhdanov, E.N. Sedov, E.A. Dolmatov, Z.M.Serova.
Gobolka koraya
Waxay xoogga saartaa xaaladaha cimilada ee gobolka Central Black Earth ee Russia. Aad u daran marar dhif ah ayuu qabaa dhaxan, caabbinta jiilaalka hooseeyaa wuxuu la mid yahay Antonovka caadiga ah.
Gobolkan, halyeeyga, Kandil Orlovsky, noocyada Orliyada ayaa si fiican u qabatay.
Yield
Baaxad weyn ee beergooyska ayaa hoos u dhacaya bartamaha dhexe iyo kan labaad ee Sebtember.
Dhirta yaryar waxay billaabaan inay si wanaagsan u miro dhalaan sanadka sideedaad ee soo martay ka dib markii dib loo soo celiyo.
Celcelis ahaan: illaa 133-150 kg / ha, taas oo ah cufnaanta 100 geed / haa waxay kudhisan tahay 130-150 kg mid ka mid ah geed tufaaxa.
Beerto iyo daryeel
Kala duwan waxay u baahan tahay iftiin ku filan. Maqnaanshaha "meel bannaan oo shakhsiyeed" iyo shooga ayaa keenaya in ay kordhaan kiimikada sii kordhaysa ee miro, yaraynta mugga dalagga.
Isukarid carrada ugu habboon ee dhaqanka: pH 5.6-6.0. Haddii calaamaduhu si cad u dhaafsiisan yihiin (calaamad waa sorrel si fiican u koraya, raspberries geela, maqaarka dhirta, sorrel faras), meesha loogu beero dhir tufaax ah waa in laga dhigo mid ka yar oo dhanaan.
Si arrintan loo sameeyo, isticmaal:
- lime,
- burka dolomite,
- ash alwaax.
Waxaa fiican in lagu daro qaybta dhulka ilaa lix bilood ka hor inta aan la saarin geeska tufaaxa beerta.
Haddii meel geedka ah uu si caadi ah u fatahay ama biyaha dhulka ku dhaafo xuduudaha 2-2.5 m, markaa ma aha god ceel ah oo loo diyaarinayo seedling, laakiin hareeraha ciidda baaxad leh.
Maxay tahay xannaanada si loo helo dalagga midigta ah?
Xisaabinta wax soo saarka wanaagsan ee mustaqbalka, beerto geedo, ha iloobin:
- ka tago qoorta geedka 5 cm dhulka kor ku xusan;
- si ay u daboolaan xididka leh dhar qoyan, iyagoo doonaya inay gawaarida ka soo qaadaan goobta xannaanada;
- ka saar dhammaan burooyinkeeda geed ka soo baxa marka ugu horeysa (tani waxay ka caawineysaa in si buuxda looga qaado nadiifinta qoyaanka iyo nafaqada xilliga jiilaalka, si loo horumariyo nidaam xidid caafimaad leh);
- si looga ilaaliyo jirridda sunta qorraxda leh, iyo ka soo jeeda - iyo shabakad khaas ah, isku xidhka caws engegan, jilif, caws (jiilaalka);
- saar inta ugu yar dhammaan caleenta taajka ah haddii rizuus of wax beerto waa "bald";
- gaabinta "timaha" saddexaad, kaas oo fududaynaya oo dardar gelin doona horumarinta xididada.
Taageerista bacrimin iyo waraabinta:
- Waraabinta geedaha illaa 5 jeer bishii, qaybo ka mid ah 12-15 litir laba jeer maalintii waraabinta.
- Waxaa fiican in la sameeyo dharka ugu sareeya ee sanadlaha oo kaliya carrada carrada liita, oo ku darey isku dar ah HOL, nitroammofoski, 30 g mid kasta, 5-7 kg oo khudradda ciidda guga.
- Meelo badan oo bacrin ah ayaa ku yaraaday.
Cudurada iyo cayayaanka
Ka hortagga caleen-cunista iyo aboorka miraha waxay isticmaalaan sunta cayayaanka.
Laga soo bilaabo inta badan cudurrada laysugu gudbiyo ee geedo tufaax ah, bannaanka u isticmaalaan buufinta wareega ah ee geedaha leh sulfate naxaas ama diyaarin ku salaysan.
Khafiifinta taajka, waa ka hortagga dhicitaanka geedaha by fungus (waqti aan ka badnayn rubuc ka mid ah caleemaha loo qorsheeyey ee ka takhalusay ayaa laga saaray).
Si aan shoog uga dhicin xoqitaanka:
- khafiifinta waxaa la sameeyaa ka dib marka la iska dhaafo caleenta ama dhowr toddobaad ka hor bilowga kalyaha kelyaha;
- Sawirro leh laamood oo fog iyo caleemo daboolan (ama rinjiga saliid).
Ma joojin doonto waqti ka waqti si looga codsado tallaabooyin ka hortag ah oo ka dhan ah cayayaanka beerta, sida aboor ku qulqulaya, aboorka macdanta, hawo-wareejinta, silkworms iyo sapwood miro.
Ma waxaad doonaysaa inaad koraan geed tufaaxa si fudud u qaboojiya cayayaanka xilliga jiilaalka, ma ka baqayaan qolof, iyo sanad kasta oo aad ku raaxaysato goosashada wanaagsan?
Ka dibna ku beeri abuurka Orlovskoye Polesye ee ku saabsan abuuristaada, noocyo kale oo muujiyay natiijooyin aad u fiican tobannaan sano iyada oo tiknoolajiyada beeraha oo habboon iyo habboon.
Iyada oo lumay geedkii qaba kansarka madow, bakteeriyada gubta, waxaa ugu wanaagsan in la isla markiiba kala sooci karo laamiyada ay saameeyeen inta ka hartay lakabka tufaaxa iyo gubi.
